{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2067833187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jea.2009010106","title":"Evolution, Development and Growth of Electronic Money","display_name":"Evolution, Development and Growth of Electronic Money","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2067833187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jea.2009010106","mag":"2067833187"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/jea.2009010106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jea.2009010106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26036943","display_name":"International Journal of E-Adoption","issn_l":"1937-9633","issn":["1937-9633","1937-9641"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of E-Adoption","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059991435","display_name":"A. Seetharaman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0980-4198"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Seetharaman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multimedia University, Malaysia","(Multimedia University, Malaysia)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia University, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(Multimedia University, Malaysia)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074193080","display_name":"John Rudolph Raj","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Rudolph Raj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multimedia University, Malaysia","(Multimedia University, Malaysia)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia University, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(Multimedia University, Malaysia)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20875753,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"76","last_page":"94"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11995","display_name":"FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance","score":0.9840999841690063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11995","display_name":"FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance","score":0.9840999841690063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.97079998254776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11437","display_name":"Digital Platforms and Economics","score":0.9634000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payment","display_name":"Payment","score":0.7604734897613525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-cash","display_name":"Electronic cash","score":0.6527101993560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.6052994728088379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payment-system","display_name":"Payment system","score":0.5594860911369324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-money","display_name":"Electronic money","score":0.5036842226982117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.45312196016311646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cash","display_name":"Cash","score":0.44998571276664734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payment-service-provider","display_name":"Payment service provider","score":0.4333760142326355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commerce","display_name":"Commerce","score":0.3560672402381897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.210717111825943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.19932660460472107}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.7604734897613525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778522442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1326122","display_name":"Electronic cash","level":3,"score":0.6527101993560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6052994728088379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776983043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q986008","display_name":"Payment system","level":3,"score":0.5594860911369324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122941539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10836209","display_name":"Electronic money","level":3,"score":0.5036842226982117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.45312196016311646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778083465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693464","display_name":"Cash","level":2,"score":0.44998571276664734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185822510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1956140","display_name":"Payment service provider","level":3,"score":0.4333760142326355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54750564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26643","display_name":"Commerce","level":1,"score":0.3560672402381897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.210717111825943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.19932660460472107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/jea.2009010106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jea.2009010106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26036943","display_name":"International Journal of E-Adoption","issn_l":"1937-9633","issn":["1937-9633","1937-9641"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of E-Adoption","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:jea000:v:1:y:2009:i:1:p:76-94","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/jea.2009010106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482056886","https://openalex.org/W1989195020","https://openalex.org/W1993599723","https://openalex.org/W2032272720","https://openalex.org/W2033187459","https://openalex.org/W2045973494","https://openalex.org/W2086209615","https://openalex.org/W2136656953","https://openalex.org/W2139080995","https://openalex.org/W2894954904"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2114806807","https://openalex.org/W2883510371","https://openalex.org/W2254560201","https://openalex.org/W2511504975","https://openalex.org/W2387506539","https://openalex.org/W2993119044","https://openalex.org/W26715095","https://openalex.org/W2987736949","https://openalex.org/W3043282456","https://openalex.org/W1883383560"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"cash":[1],"has":[2,49],"long":[3],"been":[4],"envisioned":[5],"to":[6,37,54,71,81,136,145],"be":[7],"replaced":[8],"with":[9,41],"\u2018virtual\u2019":[10],"or":[11],"electronic":[12,17,28,60,76,91,100,130,160],"cash.":[13],"Electronic":[14],"money":[15],"and":[16,35,45,57,80,85,108],"payment":[18,29,61,131,161],"systems":[19,62],"for":[20,78,113],"retail":[21],"transactions":[22],"are":[23],"commanding":[24],"widespread":[25],"attention.":[26],"Undeniably,":[27],"cites":[30],"advantages":[31],"such":[32],"as":[33,151],"efficiency":[34],"convenience":[36],"the":[38,42,73,83,88,97,116,121,127,154,157],"consumers.":[39],"However,":[40],"rapid":[43],"change":[44],"advances":[46],"in":[47,63,87,106,138,156],"technology,":[48],"posed":[50],"significant":[51],"risks,":[52],"related":[53],"ensuring":[55],"security":[56,104,111,149],"integrity":[58],"of":[59,75,90,99,115,129,153,159],"today\u2019s":[64],"cyber":[65],"world.":[66],"Therefore,":[67],"this":[68],"study":[69,94,122],"attempts":[70],"understand":[72],"role":[74],"payments":[77,101],"consumers,":[79],"identify":[82],"problems":[84],"solutions":[86],"emergence":[89],"payments.":[92],"This":[93],"also":[95,123],"explores":[96],"challenges":[98],"from":[102],"a":[103],"perspective,":[105],"particular,":[107],"provides":[109],"preliminary":[110],"countermeasures":[112],"each":[114],"issues":[117],"discussed.":[118],"Beside":[119],"that,":[120],"discusses":[124],"further":[125],"on":[126],"prospects":[128],"systems.":[132],"It":[133],"is":[134],"essential":[135],"put":[137],"place":[139],"an":[140],"integrated,":[141],"overall":[142],"risk-management":[143],"approach":[144],"security,":[146],"including":[147],"independent":[148],"assessments":[150],"one":[152],"components":[155],"use":[158],"products.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T06:19:23.411458","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}