{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2576946549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jdm.1998040104","title":"INDUSTRY AND PRACTICE","display_name":"INDUSTRY AND PRACTICE","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2576946549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jdm.1998040104","mag":"2576946549"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/jdm.1998040104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jdm.1998040104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73024538","display_name":"Journal of Database Management","issn_l":"1063-8016","issn":["1063-8016","1533-8010"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Database Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017510072","display_name":"Shirley Ann Becker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6617-0481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181401687","display_name":"American University","ror":"https://ror.org/052w4zt36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181401687"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shirley Becker","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181401687"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017510072"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181401687"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.39949401,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"36","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.8830000162124634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.8830000162124634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.8521999716758728,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11891","display_name":"Big Data and Business Intelligence","score":0.8476999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/documentation","display_name":"Documentation","score":0.8502954244613647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8001679182052612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6274133920669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.5504242181777954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.5390670895576477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.45774003863334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.37275201082229614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3485059142112732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.34494516253471375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.12866970896720886}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.8502954244613647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8001679182052612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6274133920669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5504242181777954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5390670895576477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45774003863334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.37275201082229614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3485059142112732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.34494516253471375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.12866970896720886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/jdm.1998040104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jdm.1998040104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73024538","display_name":"Journal of Database Management","issn_l":"1063-8016","issn":["1063-8016","1533-8010"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Database Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:jdm000:v:9:y:1998:i:2:p:36-38","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/jdm.1998040104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2618286804","https://openalex.org/W2329643025","https://openalex.org/W3131163342","https://openalex.org/W2166271660","https://openalex.org/W2142369114","https://openalex.org/W2002770077","https://openalex.org/W2361728394","https://openalex.org/W2352631095","https://openalex.org/W2408577762","https://openalex.org/W2092256833"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"database":[1],"systems":[2],"continue":[3],"to":[4,30,56,80,104,108,110,117],"grow":[5],"in":[6,106],"size":[7],"and":[8,26,35,60],"complexity,":[9],"organizations":[10],"may":[11],"find":[12],"themselves":[13],"struggling":[14],"with":[15,33],"the":[16,50,75,78,111],"burden":[17],"of":[18],"poorly":[19],"documented":[20],"systems.":[21],"In":[22],"many":[23],"cases,":[24],"developers":[25],"testers":[27],"are":[28,52],"forced":[29],"work":[31],"directly":[32],"cryptic":[34],"unstructured":[36],"applications":[37],"potentially":[38],"introducing":[39],"errors":[40],"or":[41,77],"delaying":[42],"schedules.":[43],"This":[44],"occurs":[45],"far":[46],"too":[47],"often":[48],"when":[49],"\u201cexperts\u201d":[51],"no":[53,101],"longer":[54,102],"available":[55],"explain":[57],"system":[58],"functionality":[59],"semantics.":[61],"One":[62],"developer":[63],"pointed":[64],"out":[65],"that":[66,93,99],"\u201cwe":[67],"have":[68,74,103],"little":[69],"documentation":[70,91],"because":[71],"we":[72,86,100],"don\u2019t":[73],"time":[76],"resources":[79],"implement":[81],"a":[82,89],"formal":[83],"process.":[84],"What":[85],"need":[87],"is":[88],"simple":[90],"process":[92],"can":[94],"be":[95],"readily":[96],"used":[97],"so":[98],"wait":[105],"line":[107],"talk":[109],"experts.\u201dRequest":[112],"access":[113],"from":[114],"your":[115],"librarian":[116],"read":[118],"this":[119],"article's":[120],"full":[121],"text.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2017-01-26T00:00:00"}