{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2025051155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jdcf.2012010101","title":"Identification of Natural Images and Computer Generated Graphics Based on Hybrid Features","display_name":"Identification of Natural Images and Computer Generated Graphics Based on Hybrid Features","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2025051155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jdcf.2012010101","mag":"2025051155"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/jdcf.2012010101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jdcf.2012010101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8943243","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Crime and Forensics","issn_l":"1941-6210","issn":["1941-6210","1941-6229"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Crime and Forensics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049120636","display_name":"Fei Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8053-4587"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047702011","display_name":"Juan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4955-199X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078874201","display_name":"Min Long","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1229-2317"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changsha University of Science and Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changsha University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3882,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8290027,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.9782999753952026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8113793134689331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7797622680664062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grayscale","display_name":"Grayscale","score":0.7257101535797119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.6416807174682617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6095688343048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.574573814868927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5456295013427734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kurtosis","display_name":"Kurtosis","score":0.5453616380691528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-filter","display_name":"Gaussian filter","score":0.5302348136901855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics","score":0.43547290563583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/median-filter","display_name":"Median filter","score":0.4196656048297882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.3645084500312805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.2690543234348297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.22948917746543884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12027415633201599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.07465061545372009}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8113793134689331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7797622680664062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.7257101535797119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.6416807174682617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6095688343048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.574573814868927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5456295013427734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166963901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287251","display_name":"Kurtosis","level":2,"score":0.5453616380691528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65892221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1113935","display_name":"Gaussian filter","level":3,"score":0.5302348136901855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77660652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150971","display_name":"Computer graphics","level":2,"score":0.43547290563583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55352655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304247","display_name":"Median filter","level":4,"score":0.4196656048297882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.3645084500312805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.2690543234348297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.22948917746543884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12027415633201599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07465061545372009}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/jdcf.2012010101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jdcf.2012010101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8943243","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Crime and Forensics","issn_l":"1941-6210","issn":["1941-6210","1941-6229"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Crime and Forensics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:jdcf00:v:4:y:2012:i:1:p:1-16","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/jdcf.2012010101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531809399","https://openalex.org/W1988600563","https://openalex.org/W1990438568","https://openalex.org/W2006028575","https://openalex.org/W2040648696","https://openalex.org/W2062503914","https://openalex.org/W2084268212","https://openalex.org/W2095130919","https://openalex.org/W2099013489","https://openalex.org/W2109190643","https://openalex.org/W2124695272","https://openalex.org/W2124731682","https://openalex.org/W2129240197","https://openalex.org/W2134275275","https://openalex.org/W2152203125","https://openalex.org/W2152337671","https://openalex.org/W2152766492","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2155447586","https://openalex.org/W2158162781","https://openalex.org/W2162192649","https://openalex.org/W2351568711","https://openalex.org/W4244098250"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4381516319","https://openalex.org/W1506384729","https://openalex.org/W2037499216","https://openalex.org/W4225568567","https://openalex.org/W4286378979","https://openalex.org/W2380577081","https://openalex.org/W2912185134","https://openalex.org/W1969928481","https://openalex.org/W3135307069","https://openalex.org/W4383560172"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Examining":[0],"the":[1,22,45,53,59,70,86,89,111,114,119,125,129,151,171,176,192],"identification":[2,177,189],"of":[3,52,55,73,88,103,116,146,178,198],"natural":[4,38,162,179],"images":[5,39,163,180],"(NI)":[6],"and":[7,34,40,50,61,76,118,141,160,167,181,185],"computer":[8,41,155,182],"generated":[9,42,156,183],"graphics":[10,157,184],"(CG),":[11],"a":[12,101,131],"novel":[13],"method":[14,172],"is":[15,108,137,148,158,164,173],"proposed":[16],"based":[17,98],"on":[18],"hybrid":[19],"features.":[20,68,83,199],"Since":[21],"image":[23,57,75,112],"acquisition":[24],"pipelines":[25],"are":[26,64,79,122],"different,":[27],"some":[28],"differences":[29],"exist":[30],"in":[31,58,139],"statistical,":[32],"visual,":[33],"noise":[35,93],"characteristics":[36],"between":[37],"graphics.":[43],"Firstly,":[44],"mean,":[46],"variance,":[47],"kurtosis,":[48],"skew-ness,":[49],"median":[51],"histograms":[54],"grayscale":[56,74],"spatial":[60],"wavelet":[62,77,97],"domain":[63],"selected":[65],"as":[66,81],"statistical":[67],"Secondly,":[69],"fractal":[71],"dimensions":[72,197],"sub-bands":[78],"extracted":[80],"visual":[82],"Thirdly,":[84],"considering":[85],"shortage":[87],"photo":[90],"response":[91],"non-uniformity":[92],"(PRNU)":[94],"acquired":[95],"from":[96,124],"de-noising":[99],"filter,":[100],"pre-processing":[102],"Gaussian":[104],"high":[105],"pass":[106],"filter":[107],"applied":[109],"to":[110],"before":[113],"extraction":[115],"PRNU,":[117],"physical":[120],"features":[121],"calculated":[123],"enhanced":[126],"PRNU.":[127],"In":[128],"identification,":[130],"support":[132],"vector":[133],"machine":[134],"(SVM)":[135],"classifier":[136],"used":[138],"experiments":[140],"an":[142],"average":[143],"classification":[144,152],"accuracy":[145,153,190],"94.29%":[147],"achieved,":[149],"where":[150],"for":[154,161,175],"97.3%":[159],"91.28%.":[165],"Analysis":[166],"discussion":[168],"show":[169],"that":[170],"suitable":[174],"can":[186],"achieve":[187],"better":[188],"than":[191],"existing":[193],"methods":[194],"with":[195],"fewer":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}