{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2081298389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jats.2009040104","title":"A Reinforcement Learning Approach to Setting Multi-Objective Goals for Energy Demand Management","display_name":"A Reinforcement Learning Approach to Setting Multi-Objective Goals for Energy Demand Management","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2081298389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jats.2009040104","mag":"2081298389"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/jats.2009040104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jats.2009040104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S162923185","display_name":"International Journal of Agent Technologies and Systems","issn_l":"1943-0744","issn":["1943-0744","1943-0752"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Agent Technologies and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101678990","display_name":"Ying Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-1551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIRO ICT Centre North, Australia","CSIRO ICT Centre North, Australia#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO ICT Centre North, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO ICT Centre North, Australia#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075022782","display_name":"Astrid Zeman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3341-0025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Astrid Zeman","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIRO ICT Centre North, Australia","CSIRO ICT Centre North, Australia#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO ICT Centre North, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO ICT Centre North, Australia#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072833985","display_name":"Rongxin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5876-9355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongxin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIRO ICT Centre North, Australia","CSIRO ICT Centre North, Australia#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO ICT Centre North, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO ICT Centre North, Australia#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3003,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62813181,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"2","first_page":"55","last_page":"70"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11954","display_name":"Energy Efficiency and Management","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.863696277141571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7705551385879517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.554445743560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.5522873997688293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.550858199596405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumption","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","score":0.4983401298522949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-response","display_name":"Demand response","score":0.49512115120887756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.46640530228614807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-management","display_name":"Load management","score":0.4571431279182434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4389185905456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4242689609527588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.3603760600090027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18440982699394226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.13494262099266052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.09412655234336853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.863696277141571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7705551385879517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.554445743560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.5522873997688293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.550858199596405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.4983401298522949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.49512115120887756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.46640530228614807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779370713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357554","display_name":"Load management","level":2,"score":0.4571431279182434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4389185905456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4242689609527588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.3603760600090027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18440982699394226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.13494262099266052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.09412655234336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/jats.2009040104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jats.2009040104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S162923185","display_name":"International Journal of Agent Technologies and Systems","issn_l":"1943-0744","issn":["1943-0744","1943-0752"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Agent Technologies and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:jats00:v:1:y:2009:i:2:p:55-70","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/jats.2009040104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320431","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32403112","https://openalex.org/W1038159884","https://openalex.org/W1515851193","https://openalex.org/W1571846337","https://openalex.org/W1572430476","https://openalex.org/W1591490525","https://openalex.org/W1603472540","https://openalex.org/W1604040248","https://openalex.org/W1966191440","https://openalex.org/W2099891779","https://openalex.org/W2107726111","https://openalex.org/W2115576128","https://openalex.org/W2128194040","https://openalex.org/W2148482133","https://openalex.org/W2153339991","https://openalex.org/W2155563011","https://openalex.org/W2162042733"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1589973774","https://openalex.org/W2392147676","https://openalex.org/W2035833777","https://openalex.org/W2522559011","https://openalex.org/W2032085210","https://openalex.org/W4385360524","https://openalex.org/W2556396996","https://openalex.org/W3112567715","https://openalex.org/W1972422473","https://openalex.org/W3003695187"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,114],"order":[1],"to":[2,30,104,146],"cope":[3],"with":[4,42],"the":[5,8,62,91,119,135,142],"unpredictability":[6],"of":[7,94,121],"energy":[9,25,54,92,143],"market":[10],"and":[11,32,130,151],"provide":[12],"rapid":[13],"response":[14],"when":[15,37,56],"supply":[16],"is":[17,86,100],"strained":[18],"by":[19],"demand,":[20],"an":[21,69,101],"emerging":[22],"technology,":[23],"called":[24],"demand":[26],"management,":[27],"enables":[28],"appliances":[29],"manage":[31],"defer":[33],"their":[34],"electricity":[35],"consumption":[36,55,75,93],"price":[38,129],"soars.":[39],"Initial":[40],"experiments":[41],"our":[43],"multi-agent,":[44],"power":[45,110],"load":[46,111],"management":[47,112],"simulator,":[48],"showed":[49],"a":[50,77,109,122],"marked":[51],"reduction":[52],"in":[53,108],"price-based":[57],"constraints":[58],"were":[59],"imposed":[60],"on":[61],"system.":[63,113],"However,":[64],"these":[65],"results":[66],"also":[67],"revealed":[68],"unforeseen,":[70],"negative":[71],"effect:":[72],"that":[73,87],"reducing":[74],"for":[76],"bounded":[78],"time":[79],"interval":[80],"decreases":[81],"system":[82,131,145],"stability.":[83,132],"The":[84],"reason":[85],"price-driven":[88],"control":[89],"synchronizes":[90],"individual":[95],"agents.":[96],"Hence":[97],"price,":[98],"alone,":[99],"insufficient":[102],"measure":[103],"define":[105],"global":[106],"goals":[107],"this":[115],"article":[116],"we":[117],"explore":[118],"effectiveness":[120],"multi-objective,":[123],"system-level":[124],"goal":[125],"which":[126],"combines":[127],"both":[128,148],"We":[133],"apply":[134],"commonly":[136],"known":[137],"reinforcement":[138],"learning":[139],"framework,":[140],"enabling":[141],"distribution":[144],"be":[147],"cost":[149],"saving":[150],"stable.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T06:19:23.411458","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}