{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1965630753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jamc.2012010104","title":"Reinforcement Learning for Improving Gene Identification Accuracy by Combination of Gene-Finding Programs","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning for Improving Gene Identification Accuracy by Combination of Gene-Finding Programs","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1965630753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jamc.2012010104","mag":"1965630753"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/jamc.2012010104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jamc.2012010104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7509020","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Metaheuristic Computing","issn_l":"1947-8283","issn":["1947-8283","1947-8291"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Metaheuristic Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015808197","display_name":"Peng-Yeng Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2835-9002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193365169","display_name":"National Chi Nan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ha6v181","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193365169"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng-Yeng Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Chi Nan University, Taiwan","National Chi Nan University Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2835-9002","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Chi Nan University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193365169"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Chi Nan University Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193365169"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047522660","display_name":"Shyong Jian Shyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1372-7076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192703390","display_name":"Ming Chuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02pgvzy25","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192703390"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shyong Jian Shyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ming Chuan University, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ming Chuan University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192703390"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052931257","display_name":"Shih-Ren Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192703390","display_name":"Ming Chuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02pgvzy25","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192703390"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shih-Ren Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ming Chuan University, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ming Chuan University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192703390"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002530841","display_name":"Yu-Chung Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5420-631X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192703390","display_name":"Ming Chuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02pgvzy25","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192703390"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Chung Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ming Chuan University, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ming Chuan University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192703390"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06748924,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":"34","last_page":"47"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10015","display_name":"Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.812653660774231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6991266012191772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6483861207962036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5570566654205322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-prediction","display_name":"Gene prediction","score":0.5519812703132629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.5241246819496155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5218535661697388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genome","display_name":"Genome","score":0.37122368812561035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.36489027738571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.34112560749053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.1468360424041748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.12841400504112244}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.812653660774231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6991266012191772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6483861207962036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5570566654205322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105565629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1248292","display_name":"Gene prediction","level":4,"score":0.5519812703132629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.5241246819496155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5218535661697388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141231307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genome","level":3,"score":0.37122368812561035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.36489027738571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.34112560749053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.1468360424041748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.12841400504112244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/jamc.2012010104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jamc.2012010104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7509020","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Metaheuristic Computing","issn_l":"1947-8283","issn":["1947-8283","1947-8291"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Metaheuristic Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:jamc00:v:3:y:2012:i:1:p:34-47","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/jamc.2012010104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498503329","https://openalex.org/W1541541861","https://openalex.org/W1562787810","https://openalex.org/W1606770439","https://openalex.org/W1966833356","https://openalex.org/W1995886164","https://openalex.org/W2019573310","https://openalex.org/W2037626481","https://openalex.org/W2045510682","https://openalex.org/W2070906314","https://openalex.org/W2081332530","https://openalex.org/W2107246857","https://openalex.org/W2107726111","https://openalex.org/W2114452806","https://openalex.org/W2116390865","https://openalex.org/W2120130751","https://openalex.org/W2122906720","https://openalex.org/W2130420534","https://openalex.org/W2132345352","https://openalex.org/W2138379687","https://openalex.org/W2142418779","https://openalex.org/W2154269509","https://openalex.org/W2166187656","https://openalex.org/W2567075333","https://openalex.org/W2614575602","https://openalex.org/W2949977409","https://openalex.org/W6679342335"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361861616","https://openalex.org/W2263699433","https://openalex.org/W2377979023","https://openalex.org/W2218034408","https://openalex.org/W2392921965","https://openalex.org/W2358755282","https://openalex.org/W2059565715","https://openalex.org/W3094269189","https://openalex.org/W4321242349","https://openalex.org/W2112814626"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,32,41,91],"the":[2,8,11,19,43,66,71,82,92,99,104,113,120,131],"explosive":[3],"and":[4],"growing":[5],"size":[6],"of":[7,13,18,56,76],"genome":[9],"database,":[10],"discovery":[12],"gene":[14,57],"has":[15],"become":[16],"one":[17],"most":[20],"computationally":[21],"intensive":[22],"tasks":[23],"in":[24,112],"bioinformatics.":[25],"Many":[26],"such":[27],"systems":[28],"have":[29],"been":[30],"developed":[31],"find":[33],"genes;":[34],"however,":[35],"there":[36],"is":[37,79],"still":[38],"some":[39],"room":[40],"improve":[42],"prediction":[44,84,106,125],"accuracy.":[45],"This":[46],"paper":[47],"proposes":[48],"a":[49,54,77,86],"reinforcement":[50],"learning":[51],"model":[52,64,96,122],"for":[53,69,98],"combination":[55],"predictions":[58],"from":[59],"existing":[60],"gene-finding":[61],"programs.":[62],"The":[63,74,95,115],"learns":[65],"optimal":[67,100],"policy":[68,78,101],"accepting":[70],"best":[72,133],"predictions.":[73],"fitness":[75],"reinforced":[80],"if":[81],"selected":[83],"at":[85],"nucleotide":[87,110],"site":[88],"correctly":[89],"corresponds":[90],"true":[93],"annotation.":[94],"searches":[97],"which":[102],"maximizes":[103],"expected":[105],"accuracy":[107,126],"over":[108],"all":[109],"sites":[111],"sequences.":[114],"experimental":[116],"results":[117],"demonstrate":[118],"that":[119,128],"proposed":[121],"yields":[123],"higher":[124],"than":[127],"obtained":[129],"by":[130],"single":[132],"program.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
