{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2013685724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jal.2011100103","title":"An Empirical Investigation on the Use of Buffers and Incentives in Non-Hierarchical Networks","display_name":"An Empirical Investigation on the Use of Buffers and Incentives in Non-Hierarchical Networks","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2013685724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jal.2011100103","mag":"2013685724"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/jal.2011100103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jal.2011100103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28477642","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Logistics","issn_l":"1947-9573","issn":["1947-9573","1947-9581"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Logistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://www.igi-global.com/journal/international-journal-applied-logistics-ijal/1151","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065858367","display_name":"Roberto Pinto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4370-4011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11039511","display_name":"University of Bergamo","ror":"https://ror.org/02mbd5571","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11039511"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Pinto","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bergamo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bergamo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11039511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056098097","display_name":"Fabiana Pirola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4633-7568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11039511","display_name":"University of Bergamo","ror":"https://ror.org/02mbd5571","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11039511"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabiana Pirola","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bergamo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bergamo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11039511"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082487494","display_name":"Tobias Mettler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7895-7545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202963720","display_name":"University of St.Gallen","ror":"https://ror.org/0561a3s31","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202963720"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Mettler","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of St. Gallen, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of St. Gallen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202963720"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18188002,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"4","first_page":"29","last_page":"43"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10164","display_name":"Quality and Supply Management","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10164","display_name":"Quality and Supply Management","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11864","display_name":"Supply Chain Resilience and Risk Management","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10539","display_name":"Sustainable Supply Chain Management","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.8688274025917053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.7169526815414429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.7053754925727844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5795044898986816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.5500060319900513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.48341405391693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4791654646396637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.47242558002471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.4716493487358093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.46252426505088806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.33270901441574097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.2927019000053406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.15331318974494934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.13715419173240662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.09966897964477539}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.8688274025917053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.7169526815414429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.7053754925727844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5795044898986816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5500060319900513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.48341405391693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4791654646396637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.47242558002471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4716493487358093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.46252426505088806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.33270901441574097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.2927019000053406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.15331318974494934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.13715419173240662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.09966897964477539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/jal.2011100103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jal.2011100103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28477642","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Logistics","issn_l":"1947-9573","issn":["1947-9573","1947-9581"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Logistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:jal000:v:2:y:2011:i:4:p:29-43","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/jal.2011100103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aisberg.unibg.it:10446/25688","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.igi-global.com/journal/international-journal-applied-logistics-ijal/1151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196347","display_name":"Aisberg (University of Bergamo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11039511","host_organization_name":"University of Bergamo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11039511"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.alexandria.unisg.ch:214428","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/214428/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400650","display_name":"Alexandria (UniSG) (University of St.Gallen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210158813","host_organization_name":"St.Gallen University of Teacher Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158813"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:aisberg.unibg.it:10446/25688","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.igi-global.com/journal/international-journal-applied-logistics-ijal/1151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196347","display_name":"Aisberg (University of Bergamo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11039511","host_organization_name":"University of Bergamo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11039511"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W182863267","https://openalex.org/W203110341","https://openalex.org/W612385704","https://openalex.org/W1503714168","https://openalex.org/W1537714977","https://openalex.org/W1964890053","https://openalex.org/W1976951442","https://openalex.org/W1978932481","https://openalex.org/W1979039751","https://openalex.org/W1979199856","https://openalex.org/W1980257680","https://openalex.org/W1984363334","https://openalex.org/W1986894972","https://openalex.org/W1999104902","https://openalex.org/W2001851698","https://openalex.org/W2006485295","https://openalex.org/W2007046198","https://openalex.org/W2010453024","https://openalex.org/W2021976681","https://openalex.org/W2047099644","https://openalex.org/W2048688345","https://openalex.org/W2058250284","https://openalex.org/W2063272147","https://openalex.org/W2068917698","https://openalex.org/W2077660521","https://openalex.org/W2087968113","https://openalex.org/W2091831137","https://openalex.org/W2099990933","https://openalex.org/W2122566748","https://openalex.org/W2122912498","https://openalex.org/W2142616543","https://openalex.org/W2153456256","https://openalex.org/W2159306398","https://openalex.org/W2164456059","https://openalex.org/W2587425238","https://openalex.org/W4205559093","https://openalex.org/W4229665788","https://openalex.org/W4231707992","https://openalex.org/W4236273421","https://openalex.org/W4247011781","https://openalex.org/W4250004692"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2367468089","https://openalex.org/W2358591856","https://openalex.org/W2098133976","https://openalex.org/W2347416728","https://openalex.org/W2974100988","https://openalex.org/W2215702767","https://openalex.org/W4388137405","https://openalex.org/W4317371977","https://openalex.org/W2468219149","https://openalex.org/W2567150521"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Delivery":[0],"reliability":[1,65],"has":[2],"shifted":[3],"from":[4],"being":[5,10],"an":[6,11,36,48],"order":[7,12],"winner":[8],"to":[9,24,56,66,76],"qualifier":[13],"in":[14,98],"many":[15],"industrial":[16],"and":[17,45,70,81,89,116],"service":[18],"sectors.":[19],"Thus,":[20],"companies":[21],"are":[22],"forced":[23],"take":[25],"into":[26],"consideration":[27],"all":[28],"the":[29,42,52,58,67,71,86,106,111],"aspects":[30],"that":[31],"might":[32],"impact":[33],"on":[34,41],"such":[35],"indicator.":[37],"This":[38],"paper":[39],"focuses":[40],"European":[43,100],"machinery":[44],"equipment":[46],"industry,":[47],"important":[49],"instance":[50],"of":[51,73,95,114],"non-hierarchical":[53],"network":[54],"concept,":[55],"investigate":[57],"relationships":[59],"existing":[60],"among":[61],"supply-side":[62],"uncertainty,":[63],"delivery":[64],"final":[68,103],"market":[69],"adoption":[72],"possible":[74],"leverages":[75],"mitigate":[77],"problems,":[78],"namely":[79],"buffers":[80],"incentives.":[82],"The":[83,102],"authors":[84],"formulate":[85],"research":[87],"hypotheses":[88],"test":[90],"them":[91],"against":[92],"a":[93],"set":[94],"collected":[96],"data":[97],"3":[99],"countries.":[101],"discussion":[104],"about":[105,110],"results":[107],"provides":[108],"insights":[109],"real":[112],"effectiveness":[113],"buffer":[115],"incentive":[117],"based":[118],"approaches,":[119],"as":[120,122],"well":[121],"some":[123],"directions":[124],"for":[125],"future":[126],"research.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
