{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2740244307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijwltt.2017100106","title":"The Appropriateness of Scratch and App Inventor as Educational Environments for Teaching Introductory Programming in Primary and Secondary Education","display_name":"The Appropriateness of Scratch and App Inventor as Educational Environments for Teaching Introductory Programming in Primary and Secondary Education","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2740244307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijwltt.2017100106","mag":"2740244307"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijwltt.2017100106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijwltt.2017100106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76665588","display_name":"International Journal of Web-Based Learning and Teaching Technologies","issn_l":"1548-1093","issn":["1548-1093","1548-1107"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Web-Based Learning and Teaching Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078223990","display_name":"Stamatios Papadakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3184-1147"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stamatios Papadakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Secondary Education Teacher, Crete, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Secondary Education Teacher, Crete, Greece","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050888090","display_name":"Michail Kalogiannakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9124-2245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142617266","display_name":"University of Crete","ror":"https://ror.org/00dr28g20","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142617266"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michail Kalogiannakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Preschool Education, Faculty of Education, University of Crete, Crete, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Preschool Education, Faculty of Education, University of Crete, Crete, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142617266"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033351647","display_name":"Vasileios Orfanakis","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vasileios Orfanakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Secondary Education Teacher, Crete, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Secondary Education Teacher, Crete, Greece","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074075308","display_name":"Nicholas Zaranis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9598-8370"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142617266","display_name":"University of Crete","ror":"https://ror.org/00dr28g20","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142617266"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Zaranis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Preschool Education, Faculty of Education, University of Crete, Crete, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Preschool Education, Faculty of Education, University of Crete, Crete, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142617266"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.2672,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":68,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98679041,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"4","first_page":"58","last_page":"77"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9821000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11370","display_name":"Mobile Learning in Education","score":0.9103999733924866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scratch","display_name":"Scratch","score":0.8589369058609009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7780658006668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6542752385139465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax","display_name":"Syntax","score":0.5252910852432251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5011799335479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-programming","display_name":"Computer programming","score":0.4580875635147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-paradigm","display_name":"Programming paradigm","score":0.4333561062812805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.42647647857666016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.3844794034957886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2291044294834137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.10179904103279114}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781235140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275131","display_name":"Scratch","level":2,"score":0.8589369058609009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7780658006668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6542752385139465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.5252910852432251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5011799335479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33857546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80006","display_name":"Computer programming","level":2,"score":0.4580875635147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.4333561062812805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.42647647857666016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3844794034957886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2291044294834137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10179904103279114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijwltt.2017100106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijwltt.2017100106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76665588","display_name":"International Journal of Web-Based Learning and Teaching Technologies","issn_l":"1548-1093","issn":["1548-1093","1548-1107"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Web-Based Learning and Teaching Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:jwltt0:v:12:y:2017:i:4:p:58-77","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/IJWLTT.2017100106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62139524","https://openalex.org/W90076166","https://openalex.org/W177183538","https://openalex.org/W207714132","https://openalex.org/W759612669","https://openalex.org/W1572843933","https://openalex.org/W1681476494","https://openalex.org/W1815090327","https://openalex.org/W1958367661","https://openalex.org/W1963557108","https://openalex.org/W1963815981","https://openalex.org/W1965249138","https://openalex.org/W1970940397","https://openalex.org/W1970953601","https://openalex.org/W1973230076","https://openalex.org/W1978423684","https://openalex.org/W1988245166","https://openalex.org/W2001334439","https://openalex.org/W2012761058","https://openalex.org/W2013403666","https://openalex.org/W2016385238","https://openalex.org/W2028095761","https://openalex.org/W2028867015","https://openalex.org/W2030712025","https://openalex.org/W2032875653","https://openalex.org/W2037073557","https://openalex.org/W2040006509","https://openalex.org/W2040942947","https://openalex.org/W2044235177","https://openalex.org/W2050525049","https://openalex.org/W2052300761","https://openalex.org/W2084114645","https://openalex.org/W2084944215","https://openalex.org/W2085998145","https://openalex.org/W2087852996","https://openalex.org/W2092969723","https://openalex.org/W2100329249","https://openalex.org/W2101753349","https://openalex.org/W2109355610","https://openalex.org/W2123956047","https://openalex.org/W2135061201","https://openalex.org/W2140667093","https://openalex.org/W2147141371","https://openalex.org/W2150250177","https://openalex.org/W2171654836","https://openalex.org/W2198928759","https://openalex.org/W2230220720","https://openalex.org/W2339183141","https://openalex.org/W2377493006","https://openalex.org/W2475298322","https://openalex.org/W2489550445","https://openalex.org/W2490381307","https://openalex.org/W2500787716","https://openalex.org/W2525328707","https://openalex.org/W2528987899","https://openalex.org/W2546778982","https://openalex.org/W2549539000","https://openalex.org/W2553616764","https://openalex.org/W2557108625","https://openalex.org/W2560048063","https://openalex.org/W2563890220","https://openalex.org/W2567755094","https://openalex.org/W2570172825","https://openalex.org/W2580149606","https://openalex.org/W2581426819","https://openalex.org/W2583079454","https://openalex.org/W2591080899","https://openalex.org/W2604247608","https://openalex.org/W2611603913","https://openalex.org/W2619631032","https://openalex.org/W3004372899","https://openalex.org/W3046766086","https://openalex.org/W4233051626","https://openalex.org/W4247065337","https://openalex.org/W4256662641","https://openalex.org/W6675707443","https://openalex.org/W7038232666"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2475116013","https://openalex.org/W2066741154","https://openalex.org/W2770018148","https://openalex.org/W2049309687","https://openalex.org/W3004372899","https://openalex.org/W2082575251","https://openalex.org/W2994720564","https://openalex.org/W2120590528","https://openalex.org/W4390230699","https://openalex.org/W2378928660"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Teaching":[0],"programming":[1,34,53,95,123],"is":[2,8,16],"a":[3],"complex":[4],"task.":[5],"The":[6],"task":[7],"even":[9],"more":[10,48],"challenging":[11],"for":[12,58,117,128],"introductory":[13,30],"modules.":[14],"There":[15],"an":[17],"ongoing":[18],"debate":[19],"in":[20,44,51,71,75,101,121],"the":[21,25,65,82,86,104],"teaching":[22,29],"community":[23],"over":[24],"best":[26],"approach":[27],"to":[28,39,62,113],"programming.":[31],"Visual":[32],"block-based":[33],"environments":[35,56,96],"allow":[36,60],"school":[37],"students":[38,61],"create":[40],"their":[41],"own":[42],"programs":[43],"ways":[45],"that":[46],"are":[47],"accessible":[49],"than":[50],"textual":[52],"environments.":[54],"These":[55],"designed":[57,97],"education":[59],"program":[63],"without":[64],"obstacle":[66],"of":[67,88],"syntax":[68],"errors":[69],"(errors":[70],"typing":[72],"commands)":[73],"found":[74],"traditional":[76],"text-based":[77],"languages.":[78],"In":[79,103],"this":[80],"paper,":[81],"authors":[83],"focus":[84],"on":[85],"use":[87],"App":[89],"Inventor":[90],"and":[91,124,131],"Scratch":[92],"as":[93],"blocks-based":[94],"explicitly":[98],"with":[99],"novices":[100],"mind.":[102],"authors'":[105],"analysis,":[106],"both":[107,125,129],"Novice":[108],"Programming":[109],"Environments":[110],"(NPEs)":[111],"seemed":[112],"be":[114],"attractive":[115],"platforms":[116],"introducing":[118],"fundamental":[119],"concepts":[120],"computer":[122],"look":[126],"appealing":[127],"majors":[130],"non-majors.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T06:19:23.411458","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}