{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2038148818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijtd.2014040105","title":"Arabic Braille Touch Keyboard for Android Users","display_name":"Arabic Braille Touch Keyboard for Android Users","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2038148818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijtd.2014040105","mag":"2038148818"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijtd.2014040105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijtd.2014040105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190331851","display_name":"International Journal of Technology Diffusion","issn_l":"1947-9301","issn":["1947-9301","1947-931X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Technology Diffusion","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027446191","display_name":"Nabil M. Hewahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5870-2609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181086730","display_name":"Islamic University of Gaza","ror":"https://ror.org/057ts1y80","country_code":"PS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181086730"]}],"countries":["PS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nabil Hewahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine","Islamic university of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181086730"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Islamic university of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181086730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053894429","display_name":"Ghadeer Abu-Shaban","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181086730","display_name":"Islamic University of Gaza","ror":"https://ror.org/057ts1y80","country_code":"PS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181086730"]}],"countries":["PS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghadeer Abu-Shaban","raw_affiliation_strings":["Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine","Islamic university of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181086730"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Islamic university of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181086730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054348468","display_name":"Esraa El-Ashqer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181086730","display_name":"Islamic University of Gaza","ror":"https://ror.org/057ts1y80","country_code":"PS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181086730"]}],"countries":["PS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esraa El-Ashqer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine","Islamic university of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181086730"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Islamic university of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181086730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004304245","display_name":"Ayat Abu-Noqaira","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181086730","display_name":"Islamic University of Gaza","ror":"https://ror.org/057ts1y80","country_code":"PS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181086730"]}],"countries":["PS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayat Abu-Noqaira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine","Islamic university of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181086730"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Islamic university of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181086730"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009278874","display_name":"Nour El-Wadiya","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181086730","display_name":"Islamic University of Gaza","ror":"https://ror.org/057ts1y80","country_code":"PS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181086730"]}],"countries":["PS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nour El-Wadiya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine","Islamic university of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181086730"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Islamic university of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181086730"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181086730"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09970958,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"54","last_page":"71"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/braille","display_name":"Braille","score":0.942224383354187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visually-impaired","display_name":"Visually impaired","score":0.7666193246841431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7494744062423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phone","display_name":"Phone","score":0.684002697467804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.6409170627593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memorization","display_name":"Memorization","score":0.6117337942123413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.6094120144844055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-phone","display_name":"Smart phone","score":0.5152852535247803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic","display_name":"Arabic","score":0.43097764253616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.4164672791957855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/touchpad","display_name":"Touchpad","score":0.411434143781662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.1755814254283905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08083078265190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.07318007946014404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778802812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79894","display_name":"Braille","level":2,"score":0.942224383354187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020106864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737460","display_name":"Visually impaired","level":2,"score":0.7666193246841431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7494744062423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.684002697467804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.6409170627593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30038468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4354775","display_name":"Memorization","level":2,"score":0.6117337942123413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.6094120144844055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984771860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22645","display_name":"Smart phone","level":2,"score":0.5152852535247803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96455323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955","display_name":"Arabic","level":2,"score":0.43097764253616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.4164672791957855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43199551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20137","display_name":"Touchpad","level":2,"score":0.411434143781662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.1755814254283905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08083078265190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.07318007946014404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijtd.2014040105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijtd.2014040105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190331851","display_name":"International Journal of Technology Diffusion","issn_l":"1947-9301","issn":["1947-9301","1947-931X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Technology Diffusion","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:jtd000:v:5:y:2014:i:2:p:54-71","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/ijtd.2014040105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W186835057","https://openalex.org/W1143738153","https://openalex.org/W1839487816","https://openalex.org/W1971877589","https://openalex.org/W2083455456","https://openalex.org/W2101888670","https://openalex.org/W2123382439","https://openalex.org/W2163259764","https://openalex.org/W2745460164"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2064952551","https://openalex.org/W3094678123","https://openalex.org/W2576175645","https://openalex.org/W2063990345","https://openalex.org/W2787678320","https://openalex.org/W2040431336","https://openalex.org/W2944520665","https://openalex.org/W3162381456","https://openalex.org/W2388059992","https://openalex.org/W3179916384"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"smart":[1,27,85,107,128,192,245],"phones":[2,28,108,129,193],"appeared":[3],"with":[4,35,142,284],"their":[5,117],"elegant,":[6],"easy":[7,355],"and":[8,53,109,268,333,350,358],"exciting":[9],"touch":[10,15,208,255],"functionality,":[11],"the":[12,24,50,89,95,106,113,121,162,176,214,228,244,254,272,286,294,309],"use":[13,105,127],"of":[14,38,74,140,156,227,290,312],"screen":[16,114],"devices":[17],"has":[18,302,342],"been":[19,60,343],"spreading":[20],"very":[21],"fast.":[22],"Beside":[23],"previous":[25],"advantages,":[26],"addresses":[29],"some":[30,61],"new":[31],"challenges":[32],"for":[33,146,170,179,186,253,262],"people":[34,41,103,125,349],"disabilities.":[36],"Most":[37],"visually":[39,55,90,101,187,347],"impaired":[40,91,102,124,188,348],"don't":[42],"prefer":[43],"using":[44,191],"touch-screen":[45],"devices,":[46],"as":[47],"these":[48,66,75],"lack":[49],"tactile":[51],"feedback":[52],"are":[54,190,231],"demanding.":[56],"However,":[57],"there":[58],"have":[59,130,136,328,338],"solutions":[62,76],"to":[63,78,83,87,93,104,131,152,196,221,240,243,258,271,278,303,306,321,356,360],"come":[64],"over":[65],"problems,":[67],"but":[68],"they":[69],"were":[70],"not":[71,235],"enough.":[72],"Some":[73],"is":[77,175,248,319,354],"connect":[79],"a":[80,84,137,153,329],"special":[81],"equipment":[82,239],"phone":[86],"allow":[88],"user":[92,287,295],"enter":[94,297],"required":[96],"input.":[97,273],"Other":[98],"applications":[99],"help":[100],"read":[110],"whatever":[111],"on":[112,120,207],"by":[115,203,266,345],"hovering":[116],"finger":[118,291],"tips":[119],"text.":[122],"Visually":[123],"who":[126,189],"memorize":[132],"QWERTY":[133],"keyboard":[134],"which":[135,149,301],"large":[138],"number":[139],"targets":[141],"small":[143],"locations":[144,289],"specified":[145],"each":[147,263],"target":[148],"will":[150,327,336],"lead":[151],"high":[154],"proportion":[155],"error":[157],"occurrence.":[158],"In":[159],"this":[160],"paper,":[161],"authors":[163],"propose":[164],"ABTKA-":[165],"Arabic":[166,180,322],"Braille":[167,184,205,299],"Touch":[168],"Keyboard":[169],"Android":[171],"Users.":[172],"This":[173],"application":[174,178],"first":[177],"language":[181,185],"that":[182,232,352],"uses":[183],"or":[194],"intended":[195],"do":[197],"so.":[198],"ABTKA":[199,274,341],"facilitates":[200],"text-entry":[201],"functionality":[202],"supporting":[204],"writing":[206],"screens.":[209],"The":[210,224],"used":[211,229],"approach":[212,230],"in":[213,308],"proposed":[215],"system":[216],"can":[217,296],"be":[218,241,304,307],"easily":[219],"adapted":[220],"other":[222],"languages.":[223],"main":[225],"advantages":[226],"it":[233,247,353],"does":[234],"need":[236],"any":[237,298],"extra":[238],"connected":[242],"phone;":[246],"dynamic":[249],"(no":[250],"fixed":[251],"positions":[252],"points),":[256],"simple":[257,359],"use,":[259],"one":[260],"entry":[261],"character,":[264],"supported":[265],"voice":[267,330,339],"respond":[269],"promptly":[270],"involves":[275],"various":[276,346],"algorithms":[277],"achieve":[279],"its":[280],"objectives.":[281],"It":[282],"starts":[283],"entering":[285],"standard":[288],"tips,":[292],"then":[293],"character":[300,318,326],"reindexed":[305],"same":[310],"order":[311],"Perkins":[313],"Brailler's":[314],"buttons.":[315],"Any":[316,324],"inserted":[317],"converted":[320,325],"character.":[323],"feedback.":[331,340],"Words":[332],"full":[334],"sentences":[335],"also":[337],"tested":[344],"proved":[351],"learn":[357],"use.":[361]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
