{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963182098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijssoe.2019010102","title":"Empirical Research on the Profitability of R&D Expenditure","display_name":"Empirical Research on the Profitability of R&D Expenditure","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963182098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijssoe.2019010102","mag":"2963182098"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijssoe.2019010102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijssoe.2019010102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185182","display_name":"International Journal of Systems and Service-Oriented Engineering","issn_l":"1947-3052","issn":["1947-3052","1947-3060"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Systems and Service-Oriented Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091889094","display_name":"Hirokazu Yamada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6453-6371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15807432","display_name":"Osaka Prefecture University","ror":"https://ror.org/02cf1je33","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15807432"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hirokazu Yamada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15807432"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053153065","display_name":"Yuji Nakayama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5644-9630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15807432","display_name":"Osaka Prefecture University","ror":"https://ror.org/02cf1je33","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15807432"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuji Nakayama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15807432"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091889094"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15807432"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8488,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83315958,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"20","last_page":"41"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12722","display_name":"Innovation Policy and R&D","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12722","display_name":"Innovation Policy and R&D","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11976","display_name":"Capital Investment and Risk Analysis","score":0.9445000290870667,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profitability-index","display_name":"Profitability index","score":0.8700023889541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endogeneity","display_name":"Endogeneity","score":0.6902135610580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revenue","display_name":"Revenue","score":0.583136796951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/novelty","display_name":"Novelty","score":0.4946911036968231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment","display_name":"Investment (military)","score":0.47760650515556335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing","display_name":"Manufacturing","score":0.475604385137558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.43822234869003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.4337085783481598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.382177472114563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.33436039090156555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.2630320191383362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.24419978260993958}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129361004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2470236","display_name":"Profitability index","level":2,"score":0.8700023889541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C610760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340706","display_name":"Endogeneity","level":2,"score":0.6902135610580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.583136796951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778738651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16546687","display_name":"Novelty","level":2,"score":0.4946911036968231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.47760650515556335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175700187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187939","display_name":"Manufacturing","level":2,"score":0.475604385137558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.43822234869003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4337085783481598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.382177472114563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.33436039090156555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.2630320191383362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.24419978260993958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijssoe.2019010102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijssoe.2019010102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185182","display_name":"International Journal of Systems and Service-Oriented Engineering","issn_l":"1947-3052","issn":["1947-3052","1947-3060"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Systems and Service-Oriented Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:jssoe0:v:9:y:2019:i:1:p:20-41","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/IJSSOE.2019010102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534381990","https://openalex.org/W1593758815","https://openalex.org/W1989347411","https://openalex.org/W2118859991","https://openalex.org/W2136127902","https://openalex.org/W2749360081","https://openalex.org/W2889650855","https://openalex.org/W3121164827","https://openalex.org/W3125876326"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3164230063","https://openalex.org/W4252805411","https://openalex.org/W3185282108","https://openalex.org/W2621152421","https://openalex.org/W2100026337","https://openalex.org/W2497268598","https://openalex.org/W2901985463","https://openalex.org/W3165722027","https://openalex.org/W2318072371","https://openalex.org/W3033371290"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Yamada":[0],"and":[1,9,75,140],"Nakayama":[2],"(2018)":[3],"estimated":[4],"the":[5,14,24,32,46,83,107,118,134,142,149],"profitability":[6,50],"of":[7,23,31,34,40,49,51,65,110,121,136,138,144],"research":[8],"development":[10],"(R&D)":[11],"expenditures":[12,53],"for":[13,133],"Japanese":[15,56],"manufacturing":[16,25],"industry,":[17],"using":[18,59],"industry-level":[19],"data.":[20,62],"The":[21,38,96,114],"results":[22],"industry":[26],"are":[27,94],"not":[28],"necessarily":[29],"reflective":[30],"state":[33,48],"each":[35],"individual":[36],"firm.":[37],"purpose":[39],"this":[41,100],"study":[42],"is":[43],"to":[44,89,131],"understand":[45,106],"present":[47],"R&D":[52,76,122,129],"in":[54,99],"major":[55],"textile":[57],"firms":[58],"firm-level":[60],"financial":[61],"In":[63],"terms":[64],"methodology,":[66],"a":[67],"cost-effectiveness":[68],"model":[69],"that":[70,85],"considers":[71],"endogeneity":[72],"between":[73],"revenue":[74],"expenditure,":[77,123],"as":[78,80],"well":[79],"methods":[81,97],"from":[82],"literature":[84],"can":[86],"be":[87],"used":[88,98],"analyze":[90],"even":[91],"small":[92],"samples,":[93],"used.":[95],"article":[101],"will":[102],"help":[103],"practitioners":[104],"better":[105],"specific":[108],"circumstances":[109],"their":[111],"own":[112],"firms.":[113],"authors'":[115],"work":[116],"quantifies":[117],"investment":[119],"levels":[120],"presents":[124],"strategic":[125],"management":[126,145],"challenges":[127],"around":[128],"expenditure":[130],"advocate":[132],"consideration":[135],"rates":[137],"return,":[139],"urges":[141],"establishment":[143],"accounting":[146],"criteria":[147],"at":[148],"firm":[150],"level.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2019-07-30T00:00:00"}