{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1441397900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijsse.2015040102","title":"Calculating Quantitative Integrity and Secrecy for Imperative Programs","display_name":"Calculating Quantitative Integrity and Secrecy for Imperative Programs","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1441397900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijsse.2015040102","mag":"1441397900"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijsse.2015040102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijsse.2015040102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43656255","display_name":"International Journal of Secure Software Engineering","issn_l":"1947-3036","issn":["1947-3036","1947-3044"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Secure Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020004082","display_name":"Tom Chothia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9381-1368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tom Chothia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087228196","display_name":"Chris Novakovic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5077-0626"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Novakovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003031006","display_name":"Rajiv R. P. Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1808-3433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110166357","display_name":"University of Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzb2213","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajiv Ranjan Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Shyam Lal College (Eve) University of Delhi, Delhi, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Shyam Lal College (Eve) University of Delhi, Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020004082"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01528761,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"23","last_page":"46"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8713886737823486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.5926644802093506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.5872310400009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutual-information","display_name":"Mutual information","score":0.5812211632728577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-integrity","display_name":"Data integrity","score":0.5002362728118896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.4511123299598694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secrecy","display_name":"Secrecy","score":0.4417732059955597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.42041322588920593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.21027114987373352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11759454011917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.09749573469161987}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8713886737823486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5926644802093506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.5872310400009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152139883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252973","display_name":"Mutual information","level":2,"score":0.5812211632728577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33762810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461671","display_name":"Data integrity","level":2,"score":0.5002362728118896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4511123299598694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.4417732059955597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.42041322588920593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.21027114987373352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11759454011917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.09749573469161987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijsse.2015040102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijsse.2015040102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43656255","display_name":"International Journal of Secure Software Engineering","issn_l":"1947-3036","issn":["1947-3036","1947-3044"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Secure Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:jsse00:v:6:y:2015:i:2:p:23-46","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/IJSSE.2015040102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W98275668","https://openalex.org/W790577130","https://openalex.org/W2085977348","https://openalex.org/W2087811006","https://openalex.org/W2097151854","https://openalex.org/W2130241416","https://openalex.org/W2132333881","https://openalex.org/W2132699727","https://openalex.org/W2147150031","https://openalex.org/W2204772115"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2036846997","https://openalex.org/W2112223184","https://openalex.org/W2347586617","https://openalex.org/W2115702840","https://openalex.org/W2161963661","https://openalex.org/W2165061339","https://openalex.org/W2125614474","https://openalex.org/W4379381651","https://openalex.org/W2295845123","https://openalex.org/W2358054814"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,14,21,69,81,89,119],"framework":[4],"for":[5,11,25,54],"calculating":[6],"measures":[7,98],"of":[8,34,51,83,99,121],"data":[9,35,37],"integrity":[10,53,100],"programs":[12],"in":[13],"small":[15],"imperative":[16],"language.":[17],"The":[18,44,86],"authors":[19,45,87],"develop":[20],"Markov":[22],"chain":[23],"semantics":[24],"their":[26,48],"language":[27],"which":[28,76],"calculates":[29],"Clarkson":[30],"and":[31,41,65,101,115],"Schneider's":[32],"definitions":[33,58],"contamination,":[36],"suppression,":[38],"program":[39,42,52],"suppression":[40],"transmission.":[43],"then":[46],"propose":[47],"own":[49],"definition":[50],"probabilistic":[55],"specifications.":[56],"These":[57],"are":[59],"based":[60],"on":[61],"conditional":[62],"mutual":[63,74],"information":[64,91],"entropy;":[66],"they":[67],"present":[68],"result":[70],"relating":[71],"them":[72],"to":[73,95,123],"information,":[75],"can":[77],"be":[78],"calculated":[79],"by":[80,118],"number":[82,120],"existing":[84],"tools.":[85],"extend":[88],"quantitative":[90],"flow":[92],"tool":[93,104],"(CH-IMP)":[94],"calculate":[96],"these":[97],"demonstrate":[102],"this":[103],"with":[105],"examples":[106],"including":[107],"error":[108],"correcting":[109],"codes,":[110],"the":[111,116,125],"Dining":[112],"Cryptographers":[113],"protocol":[114],"attempts":[117],"banks":[122],"influence":[124],"Libor":[126],"rate.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
