{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2618448859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijsi.2017070105","title":"Line-of-Sight Detection Using Center of Gravity with Pixel Number Variation","display_name":"Line-of-Sight Detection Using Center of Gravity with Pixel Number Variation","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-05-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2618448859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijsi.2017070105","mag":"2618448859"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijsi.2017070105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijsi.2017070105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228539","display_name":"International Journal of Software Innovation","issn_l":"2166-7160","issn":["2166-7160","2166-7179"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Software Innovation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110768485","display_name":"Takahito Niwa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190508380","display_name":"Aichi Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02qsepw74","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190508380"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takahito Niwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190508380"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070845435","display_name":"Ippei Torii","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190508380","display_name":"Aichi Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02qsepw74","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190508380"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ippei Torii","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190508380"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103015761","display_name":"Naohiro Ishii","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0906-5623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190508380","display_name":"Aichi Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02qsepw74","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190508380"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naohiro Ishii","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190508380"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190508380"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05074563,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"3","first_page":"64","last_page":"76"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9767000079154968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sight","display_name":"Sight","score":0.8086097240447998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6437147855758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5974230170249939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.584987223148346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.58366459608078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.5637379884719849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/center-of-gravity","display_name":"Center of gravity","score":0.5107533931732178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line-of-sight","display_name":"Line-of-sight","score":0.49983644485473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4997832775115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.46254298090934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.4524199366569519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/afterimage","display_name":"Afterimage","score":0.4412306845188141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-movement","display_name":"Eye movement","score":0.4368388056755066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optometry","display_name":"Optometry","score":0.32533401250839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.29631152749061584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18664097785949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18027809262275696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1764468252658844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.13415977358818054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.12415510416030884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.11777549982070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10231801867485046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.09082412719726562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.07954487204551697}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1517167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134322","display_name":"Sight","level":2,"score":0.8086097240447998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6437147855758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5974230170249939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.584987223148346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.58366459608078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5637379884719849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132668919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1110236","display_name":"Center of gravity","level":2,"score":0.5107533931732178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780928442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6553027","display_name":"Line-of-sight","level":2,"score":0.49983644485473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4997832775115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.46254298090934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.4524199366569519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79106606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735197","display_name":"Afterimage","level":3,"score":0.4412306845188141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.4368388056755066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.32533401250839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.29631152749061584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18664097785949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18027809262275696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1764468252658844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.13415977358818054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.12415510416030884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.11777549982070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10231801867485046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.09082412719726562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.07954487204551697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijsi.2017070105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijsi.2017070105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228539","display_name":"International Journal of Software Innovation","issn_l":"2166-7160","issn":["2166-7160","2166-7179"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Software Innovation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W153653181","https://openalex.org/W1977206682","https://openalex.org/W2043745230","https://openalex.org/W2046067355","https://openalex.org/W2107634464","https://openalex.org/W2133940738","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2177058851","https://openalex.org/W2610616075"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386212472","https://openalex.org/W2144201814","https://openalex.org/W2367993652","https://openalex.org/W2108958692","https://openalex.org/W2995826996","https://openalex.org/W2072419077","https://openalex.org/W2948901907","https://openalex.org/W2052253596","https://openalex.org/W2982685408","https://openalex.org/W2361078145"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,108],"study":[1,109],"is":[2,60,70,76,102],"developed":[3,61,106],"from":[4],"the":[5,31,41,47,50,53,56,63,68,79,82,90,105,114],"application":[6,115],"software,":[7],"called":[8],"\u201cEyetalk\u201d":[9],"which":[10,75],"supports":[11],"communication":[12,64],"for":[13,52,62],"handicapped":[14,33],"people":[15,34],"studied":[16],"by":[17,30],"Torii":[18],"laboratory,":[19],"Aichi":[20],"Institute":[21],"of":[22,40,46,55,81,84],"Technology":[23],"and":[24,121,127],"modified":[25],"it":[26],"to":[27,65,104,113,123],"be":[28,111],"used":[29],"physically":[32],"with":[35,86],"involuntary":[36],"movement":[37,39,58],"(Abnormal":[38],"body":[42],"that":[43,116],"occurs":[44],"independently":[45],"consciousness).":[48],"Then,":[49],"line-of-sight":[51],"detection":[54,98],"eye":[57,91],"direction":[59],"determine":[66],"whether":[67],"user":[69],"looking":[71],"left":[72],"or":[73],"right,":[74],"based":[77],"on":[78],"computation":[80],"center":[83],"gravity":[85],"pixel":[87],"number":[88],"in":[89],"image.":[92],"Further,":[93],"a":[94],"newly":[95],"proposed":[96],"blink":[97],"method":[99],"using":[100],"afterimage":[101],"applied":[103],"system.":[107],"will":[110],"extended":[112],"everyone":[117],"can":[118],"use":[119],"easily":[120],"quickly":[122],"express":[124],"his/her":[125],"thoughts":[126],"requests.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T06:19:23.411458","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}