{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2037596307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijsi.2013010104","title":"2-SQUARE","display_name":"2-SQUARE","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2037596307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijsi.2013010104","mag":"2037596307"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijsi.2013010104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijsi.2013010104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228539","display_name":"International Journal of Software Innovation","issn_l":"2166-7160","issn":["2166-7160","2166-7179"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Software Innovation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056277498","display_name":"Alan Lai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102735262","display_name":"Cui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6296-2864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43522216","display_name":"California State University, Sacramento","ror":"https://ror.org/03e26wv14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43522216"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, California State University, Sacramento, CA, USA","[Department of Computer Science, California State University, Sacramento, CA, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, California State University, Sacramento, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43522216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Computer Science, California State University, Sacramento, CA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43522216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087731314","display_name":"Senad Busovaca","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43522216","display_name":"California State University, Sacramento","ror":"https://ror.org/03e26wv14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43522216"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Senad Busovaca","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, California State University, Sacramento, CA, USA","[Department of Computer Science, California State University, Sacramento, CA, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, California State University, Sacramento, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43522216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Computer Science, California State University, Sacramento, CA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43522216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08757426,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"41","last_page":"53"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/requirements-engineering","display_name":"Requirements engineering","score":0.6900632381439209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/square","display_name":"Square (algebra)","score":0.6687657833099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5838510990142822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5555126667022705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.5319692492485046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5177475810050964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-requirements","display_name":"Software requirements","score":0.46426108479499817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-engineering","display_name":"Security engineering","score":0.4419284164905548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/requirements-analysis","display_name":"Requirements analysis","score":0.43518057465553284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4241122007369995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.40113282203674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3366125226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-security-assurance","display_name":"Software security assurance","score":0.28842657804489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.285545289516449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.22924107313156128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security","display_name":"Information security","score":0.22767367959022522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.21810093522071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-design","display_name":"Software design","score":0.14275264739990234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.11919432878494263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-service","display_name":"Security service","score":0.0857832133769989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6604083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376937","display_name":"Requirements engineering","level":3,"score":0.6900632381439209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135692309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111124","display_name":"Square (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6687657833099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5838510990142822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5555126667022705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.5319692492485046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5177475810050964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54534927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4462275","display_name":"Software requirements","level":5,"score":0.46426108479499817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13159133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q365674","display_name":"Security engineering","level":5,"score":0.4419284164905548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59488412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187147","display_name":"Requirements analysis","level":3,"score":0.43518057465553284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4241122007369995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.40113282203674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3366125226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62913178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554361","display_name":"Software security assurance","level":4,"score":0.28842657804489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.285545289516449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.22924107313156128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.22767367959022522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.21810093522071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52913732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857102","display_name":"Software design","level":4,"score":0.14275264739990234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.11919432878494263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29983905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445066","display_name":"Security service","level":3,"score":0.0857832133769989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijsi.2013010104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijsi.2013010104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228539","display_name":"International Journal of Software Innovation","issn_l":"2166-7160","issn":["2166-7160","2166-7179"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Software Innovation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2004619348","https://openalex.org/W2012915612","https://openalex.org/W2116593311","https://openalex.org/W2124472003","https://openalex.org/W2145605190","https://openalex.org/W2369295637","https://openalex.org/W2552171047","https://openalex.org/W4250195845","https://openalex.org/W4250258465"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2242308721","https://openalex.org/W2275268416","https://openalex.org/W113355817","https://openalex.org/W3123721539","https://openalex.org/W2907303038","https://openalex.org/W2625475396","https://openalex.org/W2047626779","https://openalex.org/W4386257517","https://openalex.org/W4254568495","https://openalex.org/W3153864189"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,40],"highly":[4],"flexible":[5,63],"and":[6,19,34,65,75],"expandable":[7],"tool":[8],"called":[9],"2-SQUARE":[10,48,68],"in":[11],"support":[12],"of":[13,59],"the":[14,25,45,78],"SQUARE":[15],"methodology":[16],"for":[17],"security":[18],"privacy":[20,35],"requirements":[21,36,56,73,79],"engineering":[22,37,57,80],"developed":[23],"by":[24,61],"Software":[26],"Engineering":[27],"Institute":[28],"at":[29,50],"Carnegie":[30],"Mellon":[31],"University.":[32],"Security":[33],"can":[38],"be":[39],"daunting":[41],"task":[42],"even":[43],"with":[44],"proper":[46],"expertise.":[47],"aims":[49],"making":[51],"it":[52],"straightforward":[53],"to":[54],"perform":[55],"regardless":[58],"expertise":[60],"providing":[62],"workflows":[64],"process":[66],"guidance.":[67],"also":[69],"facilitates":[70],"communication":[71],"between":[72],"engineers":[74],"stakeholders":[76],"throughout":[77],"process.":[81]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}