{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2172137012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijsds.2015010101","title":"R&D Productivity in the Pharmaceutical Industry","display_name":"R&D Productivity in the Pharmaceutical Industry","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2172137012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijsds.2015010101","mag":"2172137012"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijsds.2015010101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijsds.2015010101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11317544","display_name":"International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences","issn_l":"1947-8569","issn":["1947-8569","1947-8577"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051608246","display_name":"F.W. van Vierssen Trip","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F.W. (Ward) van Vierssen Trip","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059801420","display_name":"Nam C. Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1545-4377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nam C. Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055593446","display_name":"O.J.H. Bosch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6308-8079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ockie J.H. Bosch","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8228,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94536425,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.949400007724762,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.949400007724762,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13280","display_name":"Biomedical and Engineering Education","score":0.9459999799728394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.9408000111579895,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity","display_name":"Productivity","score":0.73404860496521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.7078902721405029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmaceutical-industry","display_name":"Pharmaceutical industry","score":0.6559937596321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profitability-index","display_name":"Profitability index","score":0.6412128210067749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.4398629665374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4309774339199066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.3973968029022217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.36988168954849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.2335248589515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1486712396144867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13384869694709778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacology","display_name":"Pharmacology","score":0.1202227771282196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.11844062805175781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.08695849776268005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.73404860496521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7078902721405029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779652045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507443","display_name":"Pharmaceutical industry","level":2,"score":0.6559937596321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129361004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2470236","display_name":"Profitability index","level":2,"score":0.6412128210067749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4398629665374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4309774339199066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.3973968029022217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.36988168954849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2335248589515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1486712396144867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13384869694709778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.1202227771282196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.11844062805175781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08695849776268005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijsds.2015010101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijsds.2015010101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11317544","display_name":"International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences","issn_l":"1947-8569","issn":["1947-8569","1947-8577"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:jsds00:v:6:y:2015:i:1:p:1-16","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/ijsds.2015010101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10716515","https://openalex.org/W152876125","https://openalex.org/W594220191","https://openalex.org/W1531838405","https://openalex.org/W1546559537","https://openalex.org/W1568513494","https://openalex.org/W1597439812","https://openalex.org/W1599064324","https://openalex.org/W1755360231","https://openalex.org/W1892414789","https://openalex.org/W1976745322","https://openalex.org/W1978880915","https://openalex.org/W1981087316","https://openalex.org/W1984940961","https://openalex.org/W1996617665","https://openalex.org/W2003294472","https://openalex.org/W2007698559","https://openalex.org/W2018450662","https://openalex.org/W2020807325","https://openalex.org/W2043031920","https://openalex.org/W2046348850","https://openalex.org/W2057734126","https://openalex.org/W2065511759","https://openalex.org/W2068973257","https://openalex.org/W2083258699","https://openalex.org/W2085346290","https://openalex.org/W2085827128","https://openalex.org/W2089861951","https://openalex.org/W2101157755","https://openalex.org/W2103502708","https://openalex.org/W2110488992","https://openalex.org/W2112673137","https://openalex.org/W2112782158","https://openalex.org/W2115646091","https://openalex.org/W2128451480","https://openalex.org/W2135144735","https://openalex.org/W2138639824","https://openalex.org/W2162871202","https://openalex.org/W2163434105","https://openalex.org/W2166550586","https://openalex.org/W2610191465","https://openalex.org/W2898060479","https://openalex.org/W2988934653","https://openalex.org/W3025698096","https://openalex.org/W3110191396","https://openalex.org/W4234981795","https://openalex.org/W4301513016"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3125099825","https://openalex.org/W2066844180","https://openalex.org/W25115902","https://openalex.org/W2753408573","https://openalex.org/W4285147705","https://openalex.org/W1986338457","https://openalex.org/W2186503550","https://openalex.org/W1157416516","https://openalex.org/W2211720533","https://openalex.org/W2520062152"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,80,149],"pharmaceutical":[1,30,49,78,133],"industry":[2],"is":[3,64,92,154],"in":[4,76],"a":[5,36,47,57,67,104,109],"R&D":[6,50,134,150,159],"productivity":[7,51,135,151],"crisis.":[8],"Rapidly":[9],"increasing":[10],"development":[11],"costs,":[12],"decreasing":[13],"profitability":[14],"of":[15,28,74,131,144],"new":[16],"medical":[17],"entities":[18],"and":[19,70,108],"missing":[20],"breakthrough":[21],"innovations":[22],"are":[23],"negatively":[24],"affecting":[25],"the":[26,29,71,77,89,128,132,142],"future":[27,98],"industry.":[31],"This":[32,62],"complex":[33],"problem":[34],"requires":[35],"systems":[37],"thinking":[38],"approach":[39],"to":[40,87,95,126],"find":[41],"effective":[42],"solutions.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45],"study,":[46],"general":[48],"system":[52,90,152],"has":[53,113],"been":[54,114],"modeled":[55,115],"as":[56],"Bayesian":[58],"Belief":[59],"Network":[60],"(BBN).":[61],"model":[63,73,81],"based":[65],"on":[66],"literature":[68],"review":[69],"mental":[72],"experts":[75],"field.":[79],"does":[82],"not":[83],"only":[84],"support":[85],"users":[86],"understand":[88],"but":[91],"also":[93],"able":[94],"simulate":[96],"different":[97,118],"scenarios.":[99],"A":[100],"blockbuster":[101],"drug":[102,106,111],"scenario,":[103,107],"generic":[105],"personalized":[110],"scenario":[112],"with":[116],"three":[117],"corresponding":[119],"outcomes.":[120],"These":[121,137],"simulations":[122],"enables":[123],"decision":[124],"makers":[125],"identify":[127],"leverage":[129,138],"points":[130,139],"system.":[136],"could":[140],"be":[141],"foundation":[143],"any":[145],"further":[146],"strategy":[147],"development.":[148],"archetype":[153],"potentially":[155],"applicable":[156],"for":[157],"other":[158],"intensive":[160],"industries.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T06:19:23.411458","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}