{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3165140051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijossp.2021040102","title":"A Hybrid Approach to Identify Code Smell Using Machine Learning Algorithms","display_name":"A Hybrid Approach to Identify Code Smell Using Machine Learning Algorithms","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3165140051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijossp.2021040102","mag":"3165140051"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijossp.2021040102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijossp.2021040102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171397936","display_name":"International Journal of Open Source Software and Processes","issn_l":"1942-3926","issn":["1942-3926","1942-3934"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Open Source Software and Processes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019939083","display_name":"Archana Patnaik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139271","display_name":"GIET University","ror":"https://ror.org/051f2wp73","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139271"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Archana Patnaik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, GIET University, Gunupur, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, GIET University, Gunupur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139271"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034272841","display_name":"Neelamadhab Padhy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8512-3469"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139271","display_name":"GIET University","ror":"https://ror.org/051f2wp73","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139271"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neelamdhab Padhy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, GIET University, Gunupur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8512-3469","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, GIET University, Gunupur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139271"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019939083"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139271"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.278,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90029459,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"21","last_page":"35"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7472665309906006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eclipse","display_name":"Eclipse","score":0.7276028394699097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5966236591339111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5927566289901733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5731217861175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5421257615089417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.5209837555885315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5101075768470764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.4856230318546295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.4761103093624115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-smell","display_name":"Code smell","score":0.41777732968330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4062998592853546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3653801679611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32898086309432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.25903117656707764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.21439668536186218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.21066829562187195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.17082267999649048}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7472665309906006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778505590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141022","display_name":"Eclipse","level":2,"score":0.7276028394699097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5966236591339111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5927566289901733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5731217861175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5421257615089417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.5209837555885315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5101075768470764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.4856230318546295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.4761103093624115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133237599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2295111","display_name":"Code smell","level":5,"score":0.41777732968330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4062998592853546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3653801679611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32898086309432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.25903117656707764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.21439668536186218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.21066829562187195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.17082267999649048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijossp.2021040102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijossp.2021040102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171397936","display_name":"International Journal of Open Source Software and Processes","issn_l":"1942-3926","issn":["1942-3926","1942-3934"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Open Source Software and Processes","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1847720358","https://openalex.org/W2123078233","https://openalex.org/W2742512005","https://openalex.org/W2747016490","https://openalex.org/W2898203964","https://openalex.org/W2956390618","https://openalex.org/W2993406914","https://openalex.org/W2998214346","https://openalex.org/W2999582224","https://openalex.org/W3019740552","https://openalex.org/W3027212681","https://openalex.org/W3083887248"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4287995534","https://openalex.org/W2998168123","https://openalex.org/W4220775285","https://openalex.org/W2776466379","https://openalex.org/W2897995864","https://openalex.org/W2951632923","https://openalex.org/W2572600474","https://openalex.org/W2592385986","https://openalex.org/W3044458868","https://openalex.org/W3165140051"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Code":[0],"smell":[1,24],"aims":[2],"to":[3,132],"identify":[4],"bugs":[5],"that":[6,123],"occurred":[7],"during":[8],"software":[9],"development.":[10],"It":[11],"is":[12,100,111,126],"the":[13,41,59,61,74,112,120],"task":[14],"of":[15,22,30,37,85,92],"identifying":[16],"design":[17],"problems.":[18],"The":[19,88,107],"significant":[20],"causes":[21],"code":[23,117],"are":[25,52,64],"complexity":[26],"in":[27,54],"code,":[28],"violation":[29],"programming":[31],"rules,":[32],"low":[33],"modelling,":[34],"and":[35,50,97,105,134],"lack":[36],"unit-level":[38],"testing":[39],"by":[40],"developer.":[42],"Different":[43],"open":[44],"source":[45],"systems":[46],"like":[47],"JEdit,":[48],"Eclipse,":[49],"ArgoUML":[51,124],"evaluated":[53],"this":[55,72],"work.":[56],"After":[57],"collecting":[58],"data,":[60],"best":[62],"features":[63],"selected":[65],"using":[66],"recursive":[67],"feature":[68],"elimination":[69],"(RFE).":[70],"In":[71],"paper,":[73],"authors":[75,121],"have":[76],"used":[77],"different":[78],"anomaly":[79],"detection":[80],"algorithms":[81],"for":[82,116],"efficient":[83],"recognition":[84],"dirty":[86],"code.":[87],"average":[89],"accuracy":[90],"value":[91],"k-means,":[93],"GMM,":[94],"autoencoder,":[95],"PCA,":[96],"Bayesian":[98],"networks":[99],"98%,":[101],"94%,":[102],"96%,":[103],"89%,":[104],"93%.":[106],"k-means":[108],"clustering":[109],"algorithm":[110,115],"most":[113],"suitable":[114],"detection.":[118],"Experimentally,":[119],"proved":[122],"project":[125],"having":[127],"better":[128],"performance":[129],"as":[130],"compared":[131],"Eclipse":[133],"JEdit":[135],"projects.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}