{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3136190538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijoci.2021040101","title":"Is There Racial Discrimination Within the NBA?","display_name":"Is There Racial Discrimination Within the NBA?","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3136190538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijoci.2021040101","mag":"3136190538"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijoci.2021040101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijoci.2021040101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199269040","display_name":"International Journal of Organizational and Collective Intelligence","issn_l":"1947-9344","issn":["1947-9344","1947-9352"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Organizational and Collective Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103121332","display_name":"Lina Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7511-1126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lina Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103121332"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03451862,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11674","display_name":"Sports Analytics and Performance","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11674","display_name":"Sports Analytics and Performance","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10942","display_name":"Sports, Gender, and Society","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11474","display_name":"Sport and Mega-Event Impacts","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salary","display_name":"Salary","score":0.9203656911849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ceteris-paribus","display_name":"Ceteris paribus","score":0.8542651534080505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage","display_name":"Wage","score":0.6525483131408691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basketball","display_name":"Basketball","score":0.6415712833404541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white","display_name":"White (mutation)","score":0.6405710577964783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.5575639605522156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demographic-economics","display_name":"Demographic economics","score":0.5228712558746338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race","display_name":"Race (biology)","score":0.4975145161151886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.432674765586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-differences","display_name":"Racial differences","score":0.42123979330062866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.3786832392215729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labour-economics","display_name":"Labour economics","score":0.347267746925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-group","display_name":"Ethnic group","score":0.3026289641857147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.18674620985984802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.15561917424201965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.12755724787712097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-studies","display_name":"Gender studies","score":0.09555500745773315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.08694356679916382}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780090960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194489","display_name":"Salary","level":2,"score":0.9203656911849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138090074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q572079","display_name":"Ceteris paribus","level":2,"score":0.8542651534080505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777388388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6821213","display_name":"Wage","level":2,"score":0.6525483131408691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103189561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5372","display_name":"Basketball","level":2,"score":0.6415712833404541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56273599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841","display_name":"White (mutation)","level":3,"score":0.6405710577964783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.5575639605522156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.5228712558746338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4975145161151886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.432674765586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993757694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3254959","display_name":"Racial differences","level":3,"score":0.42123979330062866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3786832392215729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.347267746925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.3026289641857147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.18674620985984802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.15561917424201965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12755724787712097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.09555500745773315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.08694356679916382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijoci.2021040101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijoci.2021040101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199269040","display_name":"International Journal of Organizational and Collective Intelligence","issn_l":"1947-9344","issn":["1947-9344","1947-9352"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Organizational and Collective Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565112628","https://openalex.org/W1578043403","https://openalex.org/W1849705301","https://openalex.org/W1983029381","https://openalex.org/W1983196235","https://openalex.org/W1987778994","https://openalex.org/W1990113016","https://openalex.org/W2021349295","https://openalex.org/W2042275736","https://openalex.org/W2079443880","https://openalex.org/W2108364273","https://openalex.org/W2126328677","https://openalex.org/W2143342576","https://openalex.org/W2145179223","https://openalex.org/W2166096494","https://openalex.org/W2406029378","https://openalex.org/W2517567837","https://openalex.org/W2542806636","https://openalex.org/W2605523555","https://openalex.org/W2751159938","https://openalex.org/W2774376276","https://openalex.org/W2790097614","https://openalex.org/W2886120516","https://openalex.org/W2893813252","https://openalex.org/W2914647948","https://openalex.org/W2966128903","https://openalex.org/W2972762848","https://openalex.org/W3123045813","https://openalex.org/W3123135512","https://openalex.org/W3125909606"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2329713064","https://openalex.org/W2122323138","https://openalex.org/W1884735238","https://openalex.org/W1583825119","https://openalex.org/W2091369959","https://openalex.org/W4244690016","https://openalex.org/W2220912222","https://openalex.org/W2091778562","https://openalex.org/W4255092591","https://openalex.org/W1531176736"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,72],"paper":[1],"empirically":[2],"investigates":[3],"the":[4,18,31,38,43,98,125,170],"determinants":[5],"of":[6,22,33,51,62,91,100,110,161,173],"salaries":[7],"and":[8,20,37,55,85,141,166],"playing":[9,87],"time":[10,88,122],"for":[11,157,179],"NBA":[12,70,133],"players,":[13],"especially":[14],"aiming":[15],"to":[16,68,80,124],"re-examine":[17],"existence":[19,99],"trend":[21],"racial":[23,101,113,180],"discrimination":[24,102],"on":[25,42,143],"players'":[26,149],"wages.":[27],"This":[28],"study":[29],"employs":[30],"technique":[32,130],"multiple":[34],"regression":[35,126],"model":[36],"Oaxaca":[39,129],"decomposition":[40],"based":[41],"most":[44],"recent":[45],"unbalanced":[46],"panel":[47],"data":[48],"set":[49],"consisting":[50],"767":[52],"White":[53,93,167],"players":[54,58,78,168],"1,234":[56],"Black":[57,77,165],"with":[59,108],"a":[60,82,158],"total":[61],"13,372":[63],"player-year":[64],"observations":[65],"from":[66],"1984":[67],"2019":[69],"seasons.":[71],"empirical":[73],"conclusions":[74],"suggest":[75],"that":[76,90,132],"seem":[79],"receive":[81],"higher":[83],"salary":[84,162,175],"more":[86,119],"than":[89],"their":[92,174],"counterparts,":[94],"ceteris":[95],"paribus,":[96],"indicating":[97],"within":[103],"NBA.":[104],"Additionally,":[105],"in":[106,147],"contrast":[107],"findings":[109],"previous":[111],"literature,":[112],"wage":[114],"bias":[115],"persists":[116],"even":[117],"becomes":[118],"severe":[120],"over":[121],"according":[123],"analysis.":[127],"Furthermore,":[128],"shows":[131],"player":[134],"characteristics":[135],"such":[136],"as":[137],"education,":[138],"height,":[139],"positions,":[140],"so":[142],"indeed":[144],"play":[145],"roles":[146],"determining":[148],"wages,":[150],"but":[151],"these":[152],"premarket":[153],"factors":[154],"only":[155],"account":[156],"small":[159],"percentage":[160],"gaps":[163],"between":[164],"while":[169],"majority":[171],"part":[172],"differences":[176],"is":[177],"explained":[178],"discrimination.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
