{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3036451919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijoci.2020070104","title":"Developing a Framework and an Instrument for Measuring System Openness","display_name":"Developing a Framework and an Instrument for Measuring System Openness","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3036451919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijoci.2020070104","mag":"3036451919"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijoci.2020070104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijoci.2020070104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199269040","display_name":"International Journal of Organizational and Collective Intelligence","issn_l":"1947-9344","issn":["1947-9344","1947-9352"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Organizational and Collective Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111609102","display_name":"Tope Omitola","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tope Omitola","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southampton, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073444134","display_name":"Gary Wills","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5771-4088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gary Wills","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southampton, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5771-4088","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09397315,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"55","last_page":"96"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14147","display_name":"Innovative Approaches in Technology and Social Development","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14147","display_name":"Innovative Approaches in Technology and Social Development","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.963699996471405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9587000012397766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/openness-to-experience","display_name":"Openness to experience","score":0.8326766490936279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.771905779838562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7697855234146118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.7380070686340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6276224851608276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.6054926514625549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4308350086212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.4149097502231598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.39551401138305664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3630344867706299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.1799623668193817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.10698434710502625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08858689665794373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.08173736929893494}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84976871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015673","display_name":"Openness to experience","level":2,"score":0.8326766490936279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.771905779838562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7697855234146118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.7380070686340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6276224851608276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.6054926514625549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4308350086212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.4149097502231598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.39551401138305664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3630344867706299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.1799623668193817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.10698434710502625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08858689665794373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.08173736929893494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijoci.2020070104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijoci.2020070104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199269040","display_name":"International Journal of Organizational and Collective Intelligence","issn_l":"1947-9344","issn":["1947-9344","1947-9352"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Organizational and Collective Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:437420","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/437420/1/OSAE2.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/437420/1/OSAE2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W650470351","https://openalex.org/W1494946506","https://openalex.org/W1820801730","https://openalex.org/W2010815017","https://openalex.org/W2023316955","https://openalex.org/W2056683859","https://openalex.org/W2079567258","https://openalex.org/W2089718284","https://openalex.org/W2129598873","https://openalex.org/W2477543873","https://openalex.org/W2944059434","https://openalex.org/W2955435812","https://openalex.org/W4237854095"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007906249","https://openalex.org/W2908605513","https://openalex.org/W2394242862","https://openalex.org/W2360338400","https://openalex.org/W2361665985","https://openalex.org/W2391461404","https://openalex.org/W2377875154","https://openalex.org/W3198929874","https://openalex.org/W2352558001","https://openalex.org/W2385700214"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1,84],"describes":[2],"the":[3,16,38,51,58,116,131,143],"process":[4,29],"of":[5,18,34,40,50,81,95,110],"developing":[6],"a":[7,19,48,78,123],"framework":[8],"and":[9,14,25,43,70,89,120,138],"an":[10,31,105],"instrument":[11],"for":[12],"measuring":[13],"ascertaining":[15],"openness":[17],"system":[20,23],"applicable":[21],"to":[22,54,62,65,76],"architectures":[24],"their":[26],"implementations.":[27],"Our":[28],"includes":[30],"in-depth":[32],"review":[33],"pertinent":[35],"literature":[36],"in":[37,101,128,142],"areas":[39],"Open":[41,44],"Systems":[42],"Architecture,":[45],"followed":[46],"by":[47],"selection":[49],"appropriate":[52],"methodology":[53,61],"use.":[55],"We":[56,91],"chose":[57],"Goal-Question-Metric":[59],"(GQM)":[60],"allow":[63],"us":[64,114],"select":[66],"relevant":[67],"goals,":[68,87,118,136],"factors":[69,88,97,119],"metric":[71],"that":[72],"can":[73],"be":[74],"used":[75],"measure":[77],"system's":[79],"level":[80],"openness.":[82],"The":[83,135],"details":[85],"these":[86,96,111],"metrics.":[90],"carried":[92],"out":[93],"studies":[94],"with":[98,108,122,130],"fourteen":[99],"experts":[100,112],"open":[102],"systems":[103],"engineering:":[104],"initial":[106],"study":[107,126],"seven":[109,133],"helping":[113],"refine":[115],"selected":[117],"metrics,":[121],"second":[124],"confirmatory":[125],"performed":[127],"conjunction":[129],"remaining":[132],"experts.":[134],"questions":[137],"metrics":[139],"are":[140],"detailed":[141],"appendices.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}