{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2924622712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijmdem.2018100103","title":"A Fully Automated Porosity Measure for Thermal Barrier Coating Images","display_name":"A Fully Automated Porosity Measure for Thermal Barrier Coating Images","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2924622712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijmdem.2018100103","mag":"2924622712"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijmdem.2018100103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijmdem.2018100103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87630009","display_name":"International Journal of Multimedia Data Engineering and Management","issn_l":"1947-8534","issn":["1947-8534","1947-8542"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Multimedia Data Engineering and Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072192748","display_name":"Wei-Bang Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11786554","display_name":"Virginia State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04esvpn06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11786554"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Bang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering and Computer Science, Virginia State University, Petersburg, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering and Computer Science, Virginia State University, Petersburg, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11786554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017100449","display_name":"Benjamin Standfield","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6442-1558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11786554","display_name":"Virginia State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04esvpn06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11786554"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin N Standfield","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering and Computer Science, Virginia State University, Petersburg, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering and Computer Science, Virginia State University, Petersburg, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11786554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017036839","display_name":"Song Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3607-6491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Inc., Mountain View, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., Mountain View, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101615347","display_name":"Yongjin Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8520-1212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11786554","display_name":"Virginia State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04esvpn06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11786554"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongjin Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Economics, Virginia State University, Petersburg, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Economics, Virginia State University, Petersburg, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11786554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100369113","display_name":"Xiaoliang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0883-7716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11786554","display_name":"Virginia State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04esvpn06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11786554"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoliang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Technology, Virginia State University, Petersburg, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Technology, Virginia State University, Petersburg, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11786554"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019767688","display_name":"Ben Zimmerman","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Zimmerman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Commonwealth Center for Advanced Manufacturing, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Commonwealth Center for Advanced Manufacturing, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3143,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95823924,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"4","first_page":"40","last_page":"58"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":0.9696000218391418,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":0.9696000218391418,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.96670001745224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13049","display_name":"Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements","score":0.9664000272750854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.7559100389480591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/porosity","display_name":"Porosity","score":0.7417997121810913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.6460102200508118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coating","display_name":"Coating","score":0.6126446723937988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5671866536140442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.5610781311988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-barrier-coating","display_name":"Thermal barrier coating","score":0.5538640022277832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.552701473236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5364201068878174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.4975588619709015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microstructure","display_name":"Microstructure","score":0.4829387068748474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substrate","display_name":"Substrate (aquarium)","score":0.4648726284503937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.42060238122940063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4107482135295868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3972741663455963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3879672586917877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.3180156648159027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.22276702523231506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.16095927357673645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1372700333595276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.0959000289440155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09312260150909424}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.7559100389480591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6648577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669","display_name":"Porosity","level":2,"score":0.7417997121810913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.6460102200508118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781448156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570182","display_name":"Coating","level":2,"score":0.6126446723937988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5671866536140442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.5610781311988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176711861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503535","display_name":"Thermal barrier coating","level":3,"score":0.5538640022277832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.552701473236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5364201068878174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.4975588619709015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.4829387068748474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777289219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7632154","display_name":"Substrate (aquarium)","level":2,"score":0.4648726284503937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42060238122940063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4107482135295868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3972741663455963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3879672586917877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.3180156648159027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.22276702523231506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.16095927357673645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1372700333595276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0959000289440155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09312260150909424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijmdem.2018100103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijmdem.2018100103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87630009","display_name":"International Journal of Multimedia Data Engineering and Management","issn_l":"1947-8534","issn":["1947-8534","1947-8542"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Multimedia Data Engineering and Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:jmdem0:v:9:y:2018:i:4:p:40-58","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/IJMDEM.2018100103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1561680672","https://openalex.org/W1600276254","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1991381743","https://openalex.org/W2025211126","https://openalex.org/W2082920277","https://openalex.org/W2092025651","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2099809257","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2116551797","https://openalex.org/W2128060444","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2135079759","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2169903644","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2189502614","https://openalex.org/W2890327058","https://openalex.org/W2942329170","https://openalex.org/W2993281182","https://openalex.org/W3163675837","https://openalex.org/W6992979099"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2353788746","https://openalex.org/W2046292958","https://openalex.org/W2034517149","https://openalex.org/W2003546623","https://openalex.org/W1989730269","https://openalex.org/W2351679394","https://openalex.org/W2383233763","https://openalex.org/W2322695585","https://openalex.org/W2890942620","https://openalex.org/W2927201344"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Thermal":[0],"barrier":[1],"coating":[2,25],"(TBC),":[3],"a":[4,20,41,54,92,96,109],"widely":[5],"used":[6],"advanced":[7],"manufacturing":[8],"technique":[9],"in":[10,48,91,105],"various":[11],"industries,":[12],"provides":[13],"thermal":[14],"insulation":[15],"and":[16,73,77,145],"surface":[17,30],"protection":[18],"to":[19,28,86,125,154],"substrate":[21],"by":[22,119],"spraying":[23],"melted":[24],"materials":[26],"on":[27],"the":[29,32,49,51,89,103,106,116,127,130,138,148,157],"of":[31,40,129,147,156],"substrate.":[33],"This":[34,113],"article":[35,114],"is":[36,84],"an":[37],"extended":[38],"version":[39],"previously":[42],"published":[43],"work.":[44],"To":[45],"quantify":[46],"microstructures":[47,104],"TBC,":[50],"authors":[52],"introduce":[53],"fully":[55],"automated":[56],"image":[57,94],"analysis-based":[58],"TBC":[59,93],"porosity":[60,78,150],"measure":[61,79,151],"(TBCPM)":[62],"framework":[63],"which":[64],"includes":[65],"1)":[66],"top":[67],"coat":[68],"layer":[69],"(TCL)":[70],"detection":[71],"module,":[72],"2)":[74],"microstructure":[75],"recognition":[76],"module.":[80,132],"The":[81,99,133],"first":[82],"module":[83,101],"designed":[85],"automatically":[87],"identify":[88],"TCL":[90,107],"using":[95,108],"histogram-based":[97],"approach.":[98],"second":[100,131],"recognizes":[102],"local":[110,142],"thresholding-based":[111,143],"method.":[112],"extends":[115],"previous":[117],"work":[118],"introducing":[120],"convolutional":[121],"neural":[122],"networks":[123],"(CNNs)":[124],"enhance":[126],"performance":[128],"experimental":[134],"results":[135,146],"show":[136],"that":[137,155],"CNN-based":[139],"methods":[140],"outperform":[141],"methods,":[144],"proposed":[149],"are":[152],"comparable":[153],"domain":[158],"experts.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}