{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1642443747","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijksr.2015040103","title":"Kuwait is the Past, Dubai is the Present, Doha is the Future","display_name":"Kuwait is the Past, Dubai is the Present, Doha is the Future","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1642443747","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijksr.2015040103","mag":"1642443747"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijksr.2015040103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijksr.2015040103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146299077","display_name":"International Journal of Knowledge Society Research","issn_l":"1947-8429","issn":["1947-8429","1947-8437"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Knowledge Society Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070190601","display_name":"Julia Gremm","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44260953","display_name":"Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf","ror":"https://ror.org/024z2rq82","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44260953"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julia Gremm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heinrich Heine University, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heinrich Heine University, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44260953"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047728771","display_name":"Julia Barth","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44260953","display_name":"Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf","ror":"https://ror.org/024z2rq82","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44260953"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julia Barth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heinrich Heine University, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heinrich Heine University, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44260953"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043765243","display_name":"Wolfgang G. Stock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2697-3225"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44260953","display_name":"Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf","ror":"https://ror.org/024z2rq82","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44260953"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang G. Stock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heinrich Heine University, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heinrich Heine University, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44260953"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.6362,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98012077,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"51","last_page":"64"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10953","display_name":"E-Government and Public Services","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10953","display_name":"E-Government and Public Services","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11479","display_name":"Smart Cities and Technologies","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12483","display_name":"Global Urban Networks and Dynamics","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abu-dhabi","display_name":"Abu dhabi","score":0.9451591372489929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.4622829258441925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.4451005756855011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-science","display_name":"Regional science","score":0.4167991876602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-east","display_name":"Middle East","score":0.410478413105011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economy","display_name":"Economy","score":0.3776065707206726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.32608741521835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.1016765832901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.09509110450744629}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020203576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519","display_name":"Abu dhabi","level":3,"score":0.9451591372489929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4622829258441925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4451005756855011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.4167991876602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3651065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7204","display_name":"Middle East","level":2,"score":0.410478413105011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.3776065707206726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.32608741521835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1016765832901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.09509110450744629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158739034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907114","display_name":"Metropolitan area","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijksr.2015040103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijksr.2015040103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146299077","display_name":"International Journal of Knowledge Society Research","issn_l":"1947-8429","issn":["1947-8429","1947-8437"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Knowledge Society Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:jksr00:v:6:y:2015:i:2:p:51-64","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/IJKSR.2015040103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W601508638","https://openalex.org/W1508654189","https://openalex.org/W1521377555","https://openalex.org/W1523869535","https://openalex.org/W1524289181","https://openalex.org/W1541949981","https://openalex.org/W1560298285","https://openalex.org/W1567538499","https://openalex.org/W1591269636","https://openalex.org/W1601871809","https://openalex.org/W1689771227","https://openalex.org/W1998460924","https://openalex.org/W2010772936","https://openalex.org/W2012647696","https://openalex.org/W2034520580","https://openalex.org/W2050306916","https://openalex.org/W2075779529","https://openalex.org/W2082319696","https://openalex.org/W2092396500","https://openalex.org/W2105659145","https://openalex.org/W2127100403","https://openalex.org/W2133539063","https://openalex.org/W2145246914","https://openalex.org/W2150929043","https://openalex.org/W2166606209","https://openalex.org/W2294832039","https://openalex.org/W2298535504","https://openalex.org/W2322584079","https://openalex.org/W2510046176","https://openalex.org/W2916482173","https://openalex.org/W3002662386","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4298091104"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4246644938","https://openalex.org/W4293276829","https://openalex.org/W2006311030","https://openalex.org/W4243356954","https://openalex.org/W2322349367","https://openalex.org/W4205897728","https://openalex.org/W4248936270","https://openalex.org/W782203897","https://openalex.org/W4251672636"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"cities":[1,14,25,69],"in":[2,15,70,91,108],"the":[3,16,51,59,68,109],"world":[4],"define":[5],"themselves":[6],"as":[7],"\u2018smart.'":[8],"Is":[9],"this":[10],"term":[11],"appropriate":[12],"for":[13],"emergent":[17],"Gulf":[18,24],"region?":[19],"This":[20],"article":[21],"investigates":[22],"seven":[23],"(Kuwait":[26],"City,":[27],"Manama,":[28],"Doha,":[29],"Abu":[30],"Dhabi,":[31],"Dubai,":[32],"Sharjah,":[33],"and":[34,47,81,105],"Muscat)":[35],"that":[36],"have":[37],"once":[38],"grown":[39],"rich":[40],"due":[41],"to":[42],"large":[43],"reserves":[44],"of":[45,53,72],"oil":[46],"gas.":[48],"Now,":[49],"with":[50],"threat":[52],"ending":[54],"resources,":[55],"governments":[56],"focus":[57],"on":[58,95],"development":[60],"towards":[61,98],"a":[62,78],"knowledge":[63],"society.":[64],"The":[65],"authors":[66],"analyzed":[67],"terms":[71],"their":[73],"\u2018smartness'":[74],"or":[75],"\u2018informativeness'":[76],"by":[77,82],"quantitative":[79],"survey":[80],"in-depth":[83],"qualitative":[84],"interviews":[85],"(N":[86],"=":[87],"34).":[88],"Especially":[89],"Doha":[90],"Qatar":[92],"is":[93],"well":[94],"its":[96],"way":[97],"an":[99],"informational":[100],"city,":[101],"but":[102],"also":[103],"Dubai":[104],"Sharjah":[106],"(both":[107],"United":[110],"Arab":[111],"Emirates)":[112],"make":[113],"good":[114],"scores.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}