{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285356002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijicthd.2021100103","title":"A Global Perspective of ICT Development Indices","display_name":"A Global Perspective of ICT Development Indices","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285356002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijicthd.2021100103"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijicthd.2021100103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijicthd.2021100103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106385052","display_name":"International Journal of Information Communication Technologies and Human Development","issn_l":"1935-5661","issn":["1935-5661","1935-567X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Information Communication Technologies and Human Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110744076","display_name":"Akshima Sharma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110166357","display_name":"University of Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzb2213","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akshima Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076336756","display_name":"Geeta Punhani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110166357","display_name":"University of Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzb2213","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geeta Punhani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027085218","display_name":"Savita Aggarwal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110166357","display_name":"University of Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzb2213","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Savita Aggarwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.32510488,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"83","last_page":"91"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11499","display_name":"ICT Impact and Policies","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11499","display_name":"ICT Impact and Policies","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-and-communications-technology","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","score":0.8858838081359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-divide","display_name":"Digital divide","score":0.8114340305328369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/globe","display_name":"Globe","score":0.7756980657577515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/icts","display_name":"ICTS","score":0.6395931839942932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.6322644352912903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inequality","display_name":"Inequality","score":0.5769514441490173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-inequality","display_name":"Gender inequality","score":0.46851086616516113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-society","display_name":"Information society","score":0.4513978362083435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.4425927400588989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"Economic growth","score":0.3950815200805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.36456412076950073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.34888795018196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.3261607587337494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.18986135721206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.17685410380363464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.16800904273986816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08229786157608032}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67363961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5268834","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","level":2,"score":0.8858838081359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173655357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244752","display_name":"Digital divide","level":3,"score":0.8114340305328369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775899829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109007","display_name":"Globe","level":2,"score":0.7756980657577515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776343822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5969768","display_name":"ICTS","level":3,"score":0.6395931839942932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.6322644352912903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.5769514441490173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994533747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2891097","display_name":"Gender inequality","level":3,"score":0.46851086616516113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779533120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184708","display_name":"Information society","level":2,"score":0.4513978362083435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4425927400588989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3950815200805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.36456412076950073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.34888795018196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3261607587337494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.18986135721206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.17685410380363464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.16800904273986816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08229786157608032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijicthd.2021100103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijicthd.2021100103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106385052","display_name":"International Journal of Information Communication Technologies and Human Development","issn_l":"1935-5661","issn":["1935-5661","1935-567X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Information Communication Technologies and Human Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:jicthd:v:13:y:2021:i:4:p:83-91","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/IJICTHD.2021100103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W180941874","https://openalex.org/W4252380307","https://openalex.org/W4309359794","https://openalex.org/W2288545522","https://openalex.org/W2138655260","https://openalex.org/W3162874804","https://openalex.org/W2973569543","https://openalex.org/W2135539770","https://openalex.org/W2060241322","https://openalex.org/W2110873030"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"the":[1,5,12,25,44,49,72,79,99,105,124,127,137],"last":[2],"two":[3],"decades,":[4],"world":[6],"has":[7],"witnessed":[8],"phenomenal":[9],"growth":[10],"in":[11,40,140],"use":[13,91],"of":[14,46,55,71,102,107,133],"new":[15],"information":[16,110],"and":[17,66,82,88,92,135],"communication":[18],"technologies.":[19],"The":[20],"digital":[21,84],"gender":[22,80,83,138],"gap":[23],"is":[24,120],"most":[26],"visible":[27],"inequality":[28],"across":[29,48],"all":[30],"socio-economic":[31],"groups.":[32],"Over":[33],"time,":[34],"many":[35],"indices":[36,73],"have":[37],"been":[38],"computed":[39],"order":[41],"to":[42,60,77,94,122,146,151],"measure":[43],"status":[45],"ICTs":[47,103],"globe,":[50],"covering":[51],"a":[52,148],"broad":[53],"range":[54],"factors":[56],"such":[57],"as":[58],"access":[59,93],"infrastructure,":[61],"connectivity,":[62],"affordability,":[63],"use,":[64],"knowledge,":[65],"ICT":[67,95,141,152],"skills.":[68],"However,":[69],"none":[70],"include":[74],"any":[75],"indicator":[76],"highlight":[78,136],"divide":[81],"divides.":[85],"As":[86],"men":[87],"women":[89,134],"experience":[90],"very":[96],"differently,":[97],"harnessing":[98],"full":[100],"potential":[101],"for":[104],"development":[106],"an":[108],"equitable":[109],"society":[111],"cannot":[112],"be":[113],"merely":[114],"achieved":[115],"by":[116],"technological":[117],"advancement.":[118],"It":[119],"necessary":[121],"shift":[123],"focus":[125],"towards":[126],"non-user":[128],"group":[129],"which":[130],"largely":[131],"comprises":[132],"differences":[139],"indices.":[142,153],"This":[143],"will":[144],"help":[145],"give":[147],"holistic":[149],"perspective":[150]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T06:19:23.411458","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
