{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2464546076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijicte.2016070106","title":"Pedagogical Agent Gestures to Improve Learner Comprehension of Abstract Concepts in Hints","display_name":"Pedagogical Agent Gestures to Improve Learner Comprehension of Abstract Concepts in Hints","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-06-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2464546076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijicte.2016070106","mag":"2464546076"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijicte.2016070106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijicte.2016070106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98745102","display_name":"International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education","issn_l":"1550-1337","issn":["1550-1337","1550-1876"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079458929","display_name":"Igor Meirelles Martins","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61722147","display_name":"Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos","ror":"https://ror.org/05ctmmy43","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61722147"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Igor Martins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), S\u00e3o Leopoldo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), S\u00e3o Leopoldo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61722147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026075168","display_name":"Felipe de Morais","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8510-4516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61722147","display_name":"Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos","ror":"https://ror.org/05ctmmy43","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61722147"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felipe de Morais","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), S\u00e3o Leopoldo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), S\u00e3o Leopoldo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61722147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050611900","display_name":"Bruno Luis Schaab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3399-1579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61722147","display_name":"Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos","ror":"https://ror.org/05ctmmy43","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61722147"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruno Schaab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), S\u00e3o Leopoldo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), S\u00e3o Leopoldo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61722147"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068706845","display_name":"Patr\u00edcia A. Jaques","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2933-1052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61722147","display_name":"Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos","ror":"https://ror.org/05ctmmy43","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61722147"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia Jaques","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), S\u00e3o Leopoldo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), S\u00e3o Leopoldo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61722147"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61722147"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4331,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78318136,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"65","last_page":"75"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.9595402479171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension","display_name":"Comprehension","score":0.7962254285812378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tutor","display_name":"TUTOR","score":0.7014061212539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6672103404998779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4965377449989319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4629313349723816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.3693219721317291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22636869549751282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.10442763566970825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06124165654182434}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.9595402479171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.7962254285812378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778371403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7672049","display_name":"TUTOR","level":2,"score":0.7014061212539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6672103404998779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4965377449989319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4629313349723816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3693219721317291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22636869549751282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.10442763566970825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06124165654182434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijicte.2016070106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijicte.2016070106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98745102","display_name":"International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education","issn_l":"1550-1337","issn":["1550-1337","1550-1876"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:jicte0:v:12:y:2016:i:3:p:65-75","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/IJICTE.2016070106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1562748096","https://openalex.org/W1765030997","https://openalex.org/W1969440852","https://openalex.org/W1969522279","https://openalex.org/W1971238833","https://openalex.org/W1975745930","https://openalex.org/W2016122903","https://openalex.org/W2019432991","https://openalex.org/W2022214202","https://openalex.org/W2035546865","https://openalex.org/W2051339053","https://openalex.org/W2056052471","https://openalex.org/W2061118987","https://openalex.org/W2063705673","https://openalex.org/W2070528753","https://openalex.org/W2096363625","https://openalex.org/W2098561057","https://openalex.org/W2110106890","https://openalex.org/W2112564774","https://openalex.org/W2115486496","https://openalex.org/W2117655204","https://openalex.org/W2138105680","https://openalex.org/W2170142260","https://openalex.org/W2172010324","https://openalex.org/W2517480918"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2478195092","https://openalex.org/W4312351362","https://openalex.org/W2362145073","https://openalex.org/W2358338760","https://openalex.org/W2066003895","https://openalex.org/W2537963312","https://openalex.org/W1495382177","https://openalex.org/W4237358653","https://openalex.org/W3016024372","https://openalex.org/W2951080431"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,44],"most":[1],"Intelligent":[2],"Tutoring":[3],"Systems,":[4],"the":[5,26,38,47,53,68,109,115,120,123,130,138,143,151,155,171],"help":[6,73],"messages":[7,89],"(hints)":[8],"are":[9,17],"not":[10],"very":[11],"clear":[12],"for":[13],"students":[14,106,149],"as":[15],"they":[16,78,160,167],"only":[18],"presented":[19],"textually":[20],"and":[21],"have":[22],"little":[23],"connection":[24],"with":[25,41,88,104,163,174],"task":[27],"elements.":[28],"This":[29],"can":[30],"lead":[31],"to":[32,60,64,90,107],"students'":[33,69],"undesired":[34],"behaviors,":[35],"like":[36],"gaming":[37],"system,":[39],"associated":[40],"low":[42],"performance.":[43],"this":[45,76],"paper,":[46],"authors":[48,98],"aim":[49],"at":[50],"evaluating":[51],"if":[52],"gestures":[54,86,113,141],"of":[55,71,111,122,129,140],"an":[56,80,94],"animated":[57,81,116],"pedagogical":[58,82,117],"agent":[59,83,118,156],"explain":[61,91],"hints":[62,92,152],"related":[63],"equation":[65],"solving":[66],"improves":[67],"understanding":[70],"these":[72,135],"messages.":[74],"With":[75],"goal,":[77],"developed":[79],"that":[84,148],"uses":[85],"coupled":[87,162],"in":[93],"algebra":[95],"tutor.":[96],"The":[97,132,145],"performed":[99],"a":[100],"qualitative":[101],"pilot":[102],"study":[103],"four":[105],"verify":[108],"impact":[110],"using":[112,125,170],"by":[114,142,154],"on":[119],"comprehension":[121],"hints,":[124],"two":[126],"different":[127],"versions":[128,136],"system.":[131],"difference":[133],"between":[134],"was":[137],"availability":[139],"agent.":[144],"results":[146],"showed":[147],"understood":[150],"provided":[153],"more":[157],"correctly":[158],"when":[159],"were":[161],"agent's":[164],"gesture.":[165],"Furthermore,":[166],"also":[168],"preferred":[169],"tutor":[172],"version":[173],"gestures.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T06:19:23.411458","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}