{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2051398033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijesma.2013100101","title":"Environmental Turbulence and Complexity and the Optimal Degree of Internal Open Innovation for MNCs","display_name":"Environmental Turbulence and Complexity and the Optimal Degree of Internal Open Innovation for MNCs","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2051398033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijesma.2013100101","mag":"2051398033"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijesma.2013100101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijesma.2013100101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S180914091","display_name":"International Journal of E-Services and Mobile Applications","issn_l":"1941-627X","issn":["1941-627X","1941-6288"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of E-Services and Mobile Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028598212","display_name":"J. Piet Hausberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8083-9337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56441308","display_name":"Libera Universit\u00e0 Internazionale degli Studi Sociali Guido Carli","ror":"https://ror.org/01q8b6q23","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56441308"]}],"countries":["DE","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Piet Hausberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business and Management, LUISS Guido Carli, Rome, Italy & School of Business and Social Sciences, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business and Management, LUISS Guido Carli, Rome, Italy & School of Business and Social Sciences, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56441308","https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024168071","display_name":"Alfredo Valentino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4778-6712"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56441308","display_name":"Libera Universit\u00e0 Internazionale degli Studi Sociali Guido Carli","ror":"https://ror.org/01q8b6q23","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56441308"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alfredo Valentino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business and Management, LUISS Guido Carli, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business and Management, LUISS Guido Carli, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56441308"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058228049","display_name":"Luca Sabini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7417-157X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56441308","display_name":"Libera Universit\u00e0 Internazionale degli Studi Sociali Guido Carli","ror":"https://ror.org/01q8b6q23","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56441308"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Sabini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business and Management, LUISS Guido Carli, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business and Management, LUISS Guido Carli, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56441308"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7922,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82964955,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13402","display_name":"Business Strategy and Innovation","score":0.9811999797821045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12028","display_name":"Knowledge Management and Sharing","score":0.958299994468689,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subsidiary","display_name":"Subsidiary","score":0.7951773405075073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/openness-to-experience","display_name":"Openness to experience","score":0.7202739119529724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multinational-corporation","display_name":"Multinational corporation","score":0.7045083045959473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-innovation","display_name":"Open innovation","score":0.6452613472938538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.640686571598053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.6299353241920471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-transfer","display_name":"Knowledge transfer","score":0.5629812479019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5565848350524902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-sharing","display_name":"Knowledge sharing","score":0.4931022822856903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competence","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","score":0.49184298515319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extant-taxon","display_name":"Extant taxon","score":0.4654679298400879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.4502682685852051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.3421635627746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.21244415640830994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.1702180802822113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management","display_name":"Management","score":0.14164358377456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.11123937368392944}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126071100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658255","display_name":"Subsidiary","level":3,"score":0.7951773405075073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84976871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015673","display_name":"Openness to experience","level":2,"score":0.7202739119529724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158016649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161726","display_name":"Multinational corporation","level":2,"score":0.7045083045959473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148415826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469997","display_name":"Open innovation","level":2,"score":0.6452613472938538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.640686571598053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.6299353241920471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776960227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2586354","display_name":"Knowledge transfer","level":2,"score":0.5629812479019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5565848350524902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776604539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6423395","display_name":"Knowledge sharing","level":2,"score":0.4931022822856903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.49184298515319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178300618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1898509","display_name":"Extant taxon","level":2,"score":0.4654679298400879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.4502682685852051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.3421635627746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.21244415640830994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1702180802822113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.14164358377456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11123937368392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijesma.2013100101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijesma.2013100101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S180914091","display_name":"International Journal of E-Services and Mobile Applications","issn_l":"1941-627X","issn":["1941-627X","1941-6288"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of E-Services and Mobile Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:jesma0:v:5:y:2013:i:4:p:1-24","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/ijesma.2013100101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprint.ncl.ac.uk:216679","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402485","display_name":"Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","host_organization_name":"Newcastle University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W205729765","https://openalex.org/W1495419098","https://openalex.org/W1551905080","https://openalex.org/W1552060439","https://openalex.org/W1581680787","https://openalex.org/W1964548447","https://openalex.org/W1971443941","https://openalex.org/W1975208146","https://openalex.org/W1983218571","https://openalex.org/W1985619075","https://openalex.org/W1986904066","https://openalex.org/W1990382396","https://openalex.org/W2003468981","https://openalex.org/W2007965578","https://openalex.org/W2009474275","https://openalex.org/W2023006187","https://openalex.org/W2023293975","https://openalex.org/W2025579080","https://openalex.org/W2032936641","https://openalex.org/W2033151413","https://openalex.org/W2037996256","https://openalex.org/W2041347128","https://openalex.org/W2050123202","https://openalex.org/W2052391330","https://openalex.org/W2053553257","https://openalex.org/W2054904029","https://openalex.org/W2056853861","https://openalex.org/W2057335196","https://openalex.org/W2059163979","https://openalex.org/W2060812385","https://openalex.org/W2064914663","https://openalex.org/W2080317642","https://openalex.org/W2082298179","https://openalex.org/W2087756758","https://openalex.org/W2088915331","https://openalex.org/W2091877193","https://openalex.org/W2094902704","https://openalex.org/W2097363245","https://openalex.org/W2103403045","https://openalex.org/W2104636338","https://openalex.org/W2108020239","https://openalex.org/W2108991971","https://openalex.org/W2113812196","https://openalex.org/W2126281833","https://openalex.org/W2126359443","https://openalex.org/W2128876255","https://openalex.org/W2129683067","https://openalex.org/W2130330803","https://openalex.org/W2132223925","https://openalex.org/W2134438869","https://openalex.org/W2136525652","https://openalex.org/W2150587481","https://openalex.org/W2160616148","https://openalex.org/W2164284962","https://openalex.org/W2166631359","https://openalex.org/W2166960661","https://openalex.org/W2172157658","https://openalex.org/W2176105395","https://openalex.org/W2179492332","https://openalex.org/W2180731449","https://openalex.org/W2298076423","https://openalex.org/W3125071375","https://openalex.org/W3152457815","https://openalex.org/W4234893036","https://openalex.org/W4243361015","https://openalex.org/W4388147587","https://openalex.org/W4388252848","https://openalex.org/W6679627714"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003956255","https://openalex.org/W3167336766","https://openalex.org/W3016522509","https://openalex.org/W2005369120","https://openalex.org/W3004457320","https://openalex.org/W3016239368","https://openalex.org/W3011596403","https://openalex.org/W2015042503","https://openalex.org/W354275420","https://openalex.org/W186767603"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,151],"today\u2019s":[1],"knowledge":[2,17,28,33,44,90,205],"economy,":[3],"it":[4],"is":[5,67,92,172],"vital":[6],"for":[7],"Multi-National":[8],"Corporations":[9],"(MNCs)":[10],"to":[11,136],"leverage":[12],"all":[13],"their":[14,137,189],"globally":[15],"dispersed":[16],"resources.":[18],"Extant":[19],"literature":[20,63],"argues":[21],"that":[22,32,78,171],"MNCs":[23],"can":[24,54,80],"be":[25,55,81,134],"viewed":[26],"as":[27,57,209,211],"sharing":[29],"networks":[30],"and":[31,99,109,196,207],"exchange":[34],"within":[35],"the":[36,51,71,75,104,111,117,154,180],"group":[37,88],"enhances":[38],"performance.":[39],"This":[40],"exploration":[41],"of":[42,50,74,106,114,120,182,184,204],"new":[43,158],"through":[45,174],"search":[46],"among":[47],"peer":[48],"subsidiaries":[49,133,186],"parent":[52],"MNC":[53,132,185],"regarded":[56],"Internal":[58],"Open":[59,65],"Innovation":[60,66],"(IOI).":[61],"However,":[62],"on":[64,70,83,103,110,165,199],"largely":[68],"focused":[69],"external":[72],"boundary":[73],"firm,":[76],"so":[77],"little":[79],"said":[82],"whether":[84],"openness":[85,183],"towards":[86],"corporate":[87],"internal":[89],"sources":[91],"either":[93],"or":[94],"both,":[95],"beneficial":[96],"and/or":[97],"detrimental,":[98],"how":[100],"this":[101,152,161],"depends":[102],"difference":[105],"national":[107],"industries":[108],"correct":[112],"communication":[113,190],"these":[115],"before":[116],"final":[118],"transfer":[119,206],"knowledge.":[121],"The":[122,177],"principal":[123],"research":[124],"question":[125],"thus":[126],"is:":[127],"To":[128],"what":[129],"degree":[130,181],"should":[131],"open":[135],"intra-MNC":[138],"peers":[139],"given":[140],"a":[141],"common,":[142],"evolving":[143],"technological":[144],"environment":[145],"but":[146],"different":[147,193],"local":[148],"market":[149],"contexts?":[150],"paper,":[153],"authors":[155,178],"contribute":[156],"with":[157,188],"propositions":[159],"regarding":[160],"issue":[162],"developed":[163],"based":[164,198],"results":[166],"from":[167],"an":[168],"agent-based":[169],"model":[170],"analyzed":[173],"computer":[175],"simulation.":[176],"explore":[179],"together":[187],"competence":[191],"in":[192,202],"organizational":[194],"structures":[195],"environments,":[197],"previous":[200],"developments":[201],"theory":[203],"complexity":[208],"well":[210],"international":[212],"business.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
