{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2892755607","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2017100101","title":"Improving Virtual Design Team Performance Through Use of a Collaborative Sketching Application","display_name":"Improving Virtual Design Team Performance Through Use of a Collaborative Sketching Application","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2892755607","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2017100101","mag":"2892755607"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijec.2017100101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2017100101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129960573","display_name":"International Journal of e-Collaboration","issn_l":"1548-3673","issn":["1548-3673","1548-3681"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of e-Collaboration","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043585907","display_name":"Brett Stone","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2948394018","display_name":"Northrop Grumman (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05kewds18","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2948394018"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brett Stone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northrop Grumman, Lehi, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northrop Grumman, Lehi, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2948394018"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048089224","display_name":"John L. Salmon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8073-3655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100005738","display_name":"Brigham Young University","ror":"https://ror.org/047rhhm47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Salmon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brigham Young University, Provo, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brigham Young University, Provo, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002508541","display_name":"Ammon Hepworth","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801525552","display_name":"Whitney Museum of American Art","ror":"https://ror.org/01g1t6g78","country_code":"US","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801525552"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154385","display_name":"Pratt & Whitney (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/052451r09","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306686416","https://openalex.org/I4387154385"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ammon Hepworth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pratt and Whitney, East Hampton, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pratt and Whitney, East Hampton, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801525552","https://openalex.org/I4387154385"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111466064","display_name":"Steven E. Gorrell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100005738","display_name":"Brigham Young University","ror":"https://ror.org/047rhhm47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven Gorrell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brigham Young University, Provo, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brigham Young University, Provo, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038771115","display_name":"Michael Richey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8293-5720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295339012","display_name":"Boeing (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04sm5zn07","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295339012"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Richey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boeing Co., Chicago, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boeing Co., Chicago, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295339012"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043585907"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2948394018"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26866026,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10672","display_name":"Design Education and Practice","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10672","display_name":"Design Education and Practice","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10970","display_name":"Team Dynamics and Performance","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teamwork","display_name":"Teamwork","score":0.7727795839309692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5651203989982605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5516482591629028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-design-process","display_name":"Engineering design process","score":0.5261123776435852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.500408411026001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-team","display_name":"Virtual team","score":0.42560476064682007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.3423976004123688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.32840976119041443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2253418266773224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111226992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q626225","display_name":"Teamwork","level":2,"score":0.7727795839309692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5651203989982605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5516482591629028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34972735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920267","display_name":"Engineering design process","level":2,"score":0.5261123776435852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.500408411026001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776647852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q547608","display_name":"Virtual team","level":2,"score":0.42560476064682007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3423976004123688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.32840976119041443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2253418266773224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijec.2017100101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2017100101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129960573","display_name":"International Journal of e-Collaboration","issn_l":"1548-3673","issn":["1548-3673","1548-3681"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of e-Collaboration","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1594490194","https://openalex.org/W1890447598","https://openalex.org/W1908870711","https://openalex.org/W1967274101","https://openalex.org/W1967706921","https://openalex.org/W1985733348","https://openalex.org/W1988076151","https://openalex.org/W1989092497","https://openalex.org/W1991551023","https://openalex.org/W1994598308","https://openalex.org/W1997917263","https://openalex.org/W2013513928","https://openalex.org/W2039672763","https://openalex.org/W2042270930","https://openalex.org/W2047167767","https://openalex.org/W2071673578","https://openalex.org/W2078221680","https://openalex.org/W2084639429","https://openalex.org/W2093935384","https://openalex.org/W2096506726","https://openalex.org/W2098832524","https://openalex.org/W2101441849","https://openalex.org/W2132364712","https://openalex.org/W2156215900","https://openalex.org/W2169442837","https://openalex.org/W2185807784","https://openalex.org/W2269170221","https://openalex.org/W2296136119","https://openalex.org/W2401993517","https://openalex.org/W2481762214","https://openalex.org/W2549003423","https://openalex.org/W2580654286","https://openalex.org/W2583650995","https://openalex.org/W2591912685","https://openalex.org/W3110233214","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6679752519"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1556433704","https://openalex.org/W2596191329","https://openalex.org/W2466956478","https://openalex.org/W2496236718","https://openalex.org/W3128082790","https://openalex.org/W1858970294","https://openalex.org/W1504668225","https://openalex.org/W2515877798","https://openalex.org/W2352366692","https://openalex.org/W1994244739"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"virtual":[1,46,106,133],"teamwork":[2],"in":[3,131],"engineering":[4,103],"becomes":[5],"more":[6],"central":[7],"to":[8,25,28,82,101],"the":[9,16,58,77,88,109,112,136,144],"daily":[10],"design":[11,102],"activities":[12,104],"of":[13,43,125,139,146],"organizations":[14],"around":[15],"world,":[17],"it":[18,115],"is":[19,48],"increasingly":[20],"important":[21],"for":[22,105],"team":[23],"members":[24],"be":[26],"able":[27],"easily":[29],"and":[30,51,61,66,111,142],"effectively":[31],"share":[32],"their":[33],"visual":[34,41],"ideas":[35,44,128],"with":[36],"remote":[37],"teammates.":[38],"However,":[39],"sharing":[40],"representations":[42],"among":[45],"teammates":[47],"generally":[49],"difficult":[50],"commonly":[52],"hampered":[53],"by":[54],"various":[55],"factors,":[56],"making":[57],"process":[59],"time-consuming":[60],"non-intuitive.":[62],"In":[63],"laboratory":[64],"experiments":[65,110],"a":[67,92,98,120,132],"case":[68,113],"study,":[69,114],"involving":[70],"students":[71],"from":[72],"six":[73],"different":[74],"universities":[75],"across":[76],"U.S.":[78],"working":[79,130,150],"as":[80],"teams":[81],"build":[83],"unmanned":[84],"aerial":[85],"vehicles":[86],"(UAVs),":[87],"authors":[89],"quantify":[90],"how":[91],"collaborative":[93],"sketching":[94],"application":[95],"(CSA)":[96],"provides":[97],"significant":[99],"benefit":[100],"teams.":[107],"From":[108],"was":[116],"observed":[117],"that":[118],"such":[119],"tool":[121],"improved":[122,135],"users'":[123],"understanding":[124],"each":[126],"other's":[127],"when":[129,149],"setting,":[134],"perceived":[137],"equality":[138],"teammate":[140],"contribution,":[141],"decreased":[143],"level":[145],"frustration":[147],"experienced":[148],"remotely.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}