{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2026227584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2014100103","title":"On the Measurement of Participation Equality","display_name":"On the Measurement of Participation Equality","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2026227584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2014100103","mag":"2026227584"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijec.2014100103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2014100103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129960573","display_name":"International Journal of e-Collaboration","issn_l":"1548-3673","issn":["1548-3673","1548-3681"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of e-Collaboration","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057727976","display_name":"Bruce A. Reinig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0666-214X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26538001","display_name":"San Diego State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0264fdx42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bruce A. Reinig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management Information Systems, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA","Department of Management Information Systems, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management Information Systems, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management Information Systems, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006808793","display_name":"Roberto J. Mej\u00edas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114312114","display_name":"Colorado State University Pueblo","ror":"https://ror.org/02gn3zg65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114312114"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto J. Mejias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Information Systems, Colorado State University, Pueblo, CO, USA","Department of Computer Information Systems, Colorado State University, Pueblo, CO, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Information Systems, Colorado State University, Pueblo, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114312114"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Information Systems, Colorado State University, Pueblo, CO, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114312114"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057727976"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5288,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83752074,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"4","first_page":"32","last_page":"48"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10970","display_name":"Team Dynamics and Performance","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10970","display_name":"Team Dynamics and Performance","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12028","display_name":"Knowledge Management and Sharing","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10068","display_name":"Technology Adoption and User Behaviour","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operationalization","display_name":"Operationalization","score":0.8460927605628967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unit","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","score":0.6150718331336975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.6135497689247131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gini-coefficient","display_name":"Gini coefficient","score":0.5474827289581299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.5320481061935425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4681468605995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.38375407457351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.3246473968029022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2971591353416443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inequality","display_name":"Inequality","score":0.28897982835769653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2720211446285248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.1448667347431183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10106474161148071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.10036793351173401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-inequality","display_name":"Economic inequality","score":0.06988784670829773}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9354725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286017","display_name":"Operationalization","level":2,"score":0.8460927605628967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.6150718331336975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.6135497689247131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779206190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162455","display_name":"Gini coefficient","level":4,"score":0.5474827289581299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.5320481061935425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4681468605995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.38375407457351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3246473968029022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2971591353416443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.28897982835769653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2720211446285248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.1448667347431183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10106474161148071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.10036793351173401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513380476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5055020","display_name":"Economic inequality","level":3,"score":0.06988784670829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijec.2014100103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2014100103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129960573","display_name":"International Journal of e-Collaboration","issn_l":"1548-3673","issn":["1548-3673","1548-3681"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of e-Collaboration","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:jec000:v:10:y:2014:i:4:p:32-48","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/ijec.2014100103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W134908229","https://openalex.org/W332220049","https://openalex.org/W1513402407","https://openalex.org/W1580798583","https://openalex.org/W1964508549","https://openalex.org/W1966333491","https://openalex.org/W1972834341","https://openalex.org/W1975471477","https://openalex.org/W1976967341","https://openalex.org/W1984156354","https://openalex.org/W1989500210","https://openalex.org/W2002009112","https://openalex.org/W2002623743","https://openalex.org/W2009365258","https://openalex.org/W2021394282","https://openalex.org/W2023380077","https://openalex.org/W2039600019","https://openalex.org/W2043281657","https://openalex.org/W2059308148","https://openalex.org/W2065137828","https://openalex.org/W2071062807","https://openalex.org/W2078191817","https://openalex.org/W2085652627","https://openalex.org/W2088284365","https://openalex.org/W2089931163","https://openalex.org/W2131247903","https://openalex.org/W2144091389","https://openalex.org/W2164389739","https://openalex.org/W2166484208","https://openalex.org/W2325402564","https://openalex.org/W2897643610","https://openalex.org/W3124903582","https://openalex.org/W4237593597"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2944277854","https://openalex.org/W2258359646","https://openalex.org/W2493324121","https://openalex.org/W2483613126","https://openalex.org/W4234402960","https://openalex.org/W4210958110","https://openalex.org/W2508510705","https://openalex.org/W2346106508","https://openalex.org/W2333609655","https://openalex.org/W2963160854"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Participation":[0],"equality":[1,51,69,128,160,170],"is":[2,145],"often":[3],"a":[4,62,140],"key":[5],"process":[6],"construct":[7,129],"in":[8,46,95,121,171],"research":[9,44,123],"models":[10],"that":[11,118,163],"examine":[12],"the":[13,29,47,75,83,87,126,134],"effects":[14],"of":[15,31,64,89,98],"group":[16],"support":[17],"systems":[18],"(GSS)":[19],"technology":[20],"and":[21,36,78,86,138,161,167],"e-collaboration.":[22],"GSS":[23],"are":[24,52,130],"generally":[25],"thought":[26],"to":[27,66,147,165],"reduce":[28],"dispersion":[30],"participation":[32,39,50,68,99,127,135,149,159,169],"among":[33],"team":[34],"members":[35],"thus":[37],"make":[38],"more":[40],"equally":[41],"distributed.":[42],"However,":[43],"conclusions":[45,124],"literature":[48],"regarding":[49,125],"not":[53],"always":[54],"consistent":[55],"with":[56,101,154],"this":[57],"finding.":[58],"Researchers":[59,91],"have":[60,92],"used":[61,146],"variety":[63],"approaches":[65],"operationalize":[67],"including":[70],"unit-based":[71,141],"measures,":[72],"such":[73,81,105],"as":[74,82,106],"standard":[76],"deviation,":[77],"dimensionless":[79,143],"measures":[80],"Gini":[84],"coefficient":[85,88],"variation.":[90],"also":[93],"varied":[94],"their":[96,172],"measurement":[97],"units":[100],"some":[102],"counting":[103],"phenomena":[104],"comments,":[107],"words,":[108],"or":[109,142],"remarks.":[110],"The":[111,151],"authors":[112,152],"report":[113],"on":[114,132],"an":[115],"exploratory":[116],"study":[117],"demonstrates":[119],"conditions":[120],"which":[122],"dependent":[131],"both":[133],"unit":[136],"analyzed":[137],"whether":[139],"measure":[144,166],"compute":[148],"equality.":[150],"conclude":[153],"recommendations":[155],"for":[156],"researchers":[157],"investigating":[158],"practitioners":[162],"seek":[164],"track":[168],"collaborative":[173],"work":[174],"practices.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}