{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2793312347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijebr.2018040103","title":"How Relevant Are Risk Perceptions, Effort, and Performance Expectancy in Mobile Banking Adoption?","display_name":"How Relevant Are Risk Perceptions, Effort, and Performance Expectancy in Mobile Banking Adoption?","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2793312347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijebr.2018040103","mag":"2793312347"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijebr.2018040103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijebr.2018040103","pdf_url":"https://www.igi-global.com/ViewTitle.aspx?TitleId=201881&isxn=9781522542759","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S77020770","display_name":"International Journal of E-Business Research","issn_l":"1548-1131","issn":["1548-1131","1548-114X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of E-Business Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.igi-global.com/ViewTitle.aspx?TitleId=201881&isxn=9781522542759","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031368485","display_name":"Aijaz A. Shaikh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5389-4384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94722563","display_name":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4","ror":"https://ror.org/05n3dz165","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aijaz A. Shaikh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074165347","display_name":"Richard Glavee-Geo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5614-0040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Glavee-Geo","raw_affiliation_strings":["NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034162449","display_name":"Heikki Karjaluoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5696-7355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94722563","display_name":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4","ror":"https://ror.org/05n3dz165","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heikki Karjaluoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.3784,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":74,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98906561,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"39","last_page":"60"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10068","display_name":"Technology Adoption and User Behaviour","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10068","display_name":"Technology Adoption and User Behaviour","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10609","display_name":"Digital Marketing and Social Media","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10154","display_name":"Customer Service Quality and Loyalty","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expectancy-theory","display_name":"Expectancy theory","score":0.8543999195098877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-perception","display_name":"Risk perception","score":0.7404022812843323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-banking","display_name":"Mobile banking","score":0.6271123886108398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.592853307723999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5120771527290344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.5100989937782288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4882347881793976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unified-theory-of-acceptance-and-use-of-technology","display_name":"Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology","score":0.486712247133255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-expectancy","display_name":"Life expectancy","score":0.46118053793907166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-services","display_name":"Financial services","score":0.42949575185775757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.33856070041656494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.18494442105293274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.16530394554138184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.13657048344612122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.08941975235939026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-health","display_name":"Environmental health","score":0.08328759670257568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188353592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q450586","display_name":"Expectancy theory","level":2,"score":0.8543999195098877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163355716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154783","display_name":"Risk perception","level":3,"score":0.7404022812843323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775930393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941439","display_name":"Mobile banking","level":2,"score":0.6271123886108398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.592853307723999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5120771527290344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.5100989937782288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4882347881793976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780346085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7884986","display_name":"Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology","level":3,"score":0.486712247133255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133925201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188419","display_name":"Life expectancy","level":3,"score":0.46118053793907166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139043278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837171","display_name":"Financial services","level":2,"score":0.42949575185775757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.33856070041656494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.18494442105293274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.16530394554138184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.13657048344612122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08941975235939026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.08328759670257568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijebr.2018040103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijebr.2018040103","pdf_url":"https://www.igi-global.com/ViewTitle.aspx?TitleId=201881&isxn=9781522542759","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S77020770","display_name":"International Journal of E-Business Research","issn_l":"1548-1131","issn":["1548-1131","1548-114X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of E-Business Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:jyx.jyu.fi:123456789/57760","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201804242353","pdf_url":"https://jyx.jyu.fi/bitstreams/01cf1f0d-1c4f-4f34-9dc6-0f90117263d9/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400563","display_name":"Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 University Digital Archive (University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I94722563","host_organization_name":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"research article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:jebr00:v:14:y:2018:i:2:p:39-60","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/IJEBR.2018040103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:brage.bibsys.no:11250/2582760","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2582760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"39-60","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijebr.2018040103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijebr.2018040103","pdf_url":"https://www.igi-global.com/ViewTitle.aspx?TitleId=201881&isxn=9781522542759","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S77020770","display_name":"International Journal of E-Business Research","issn_l":"1548-1131","issn":["1548-1131","1548-114X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of E-Business Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2793312347.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2793312347.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W133541039","https://openalex.org/W288273335","https://openalex.org/W1499170180","https://openalex.org/W1515500721","https://openalex.org/W1517229207","https://openalex.org/W1531029141","https://openalex.org/W1533193701","https://openalex.org/W1545460766","https://openalex.org/W1571167924","https://openalex.org/W1579426064","https://openalex.org/W1775573020","https://openalex.org/W1791587663","https://openalex.org/W1964967052","https://openalex.org/W1965354703","https://openalex.org/W1972303567","https://openalex.org/W1975224424","https://openalex.org/W1976745736","https://openalex.org/W1982320306","https://openalex.org/W1983737694","https://openalex.org/W1983869979","https://openalex.org/W1987258130","https://openalex.org/W1990290172","https://openalex.org/W1995207740","https://openalex.org/W2000380427","https://openalex.org/W2001298008","https://openalex.org/W2001526974","https://openalex.org/W2006912789","https://openalex.org/W2011018556","https://openalex.org/W2014506725","https://openalex.org/W2015331797","https://openalex.org/W2022771616","https://openalex.org/W2025294117","https://openalex.org/W2026473865","https://openalex.org/W2035232306","https://openalex.org/W2044407078","https://openalex.org/W2045655911","https://openalex.org/W2049907830","https://openalex.org/W2059573950","https://openalex.org/W2062124617","https://openalex.org/W2071219260","https://openalex.org/W2081823153","https://openalex.org/W2084413895","https://openalex.org/W2088504266","https://openalex.org/W2093548531","https://openalex.org/W2099697766","https://openalex.org/W2100379340","https://openalex.org/W2105359580","https://openalex.org/W2106096361","https://openalex.org/W2115981184","https://openalex.org/W2117948235","https://openalex.org/W2126441151","https://openalex.org/W2128275256","https://openalex.org/W2128469360","https://openalex.org/W2130801612","https://openalex.org/W2135053828","https://openalex.org/W2143080493","https://openalex.org/W2150238850","https://openalex.org/W2150482479","https://openalex.org/W2151346990","https://openalex.org/W2157347024","https://openalex.org/W2168808298","https://openalex.org/W2189176522","https://openalex.org/W2294097904","https://openalex.org/W2294677418","https://openalex.org/W2307077199","https://openalex.org/W2334703855","https://openalex.org/W2460331775","https://openalex.org/W2462707797","https://openalex.org/W2512200244","https://openalex.org/W2522254919","https://openalex.org/W2559857743","https://openalex.org/W2577043885","https://openalex.org/W2578225669","https://openalex.org/W2604700243","https://openalex.org/W2914711619","https://openalex.org/W3013114114","https://openalex.org/W3121325248","https://openalex.org/W3123499698","https://openalex.org/W4244528936","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2946465479","https://openalex.org/W2261122642","https://openalex.org/W2959418760","https://openalex.org/W2994604000","https://openalex.org/W3136018819","https://openalex.org/W4378227617","https://openalex.org/W3203988261","https://openalex.org/W2075359942","https://openalex.org/W2464675601","https://openalex.org/W2160269678"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"provides":[2],"a":[3,91,137],"comprehensive":[4],"overview":[5],"of":[6,43,71,134,140],"the":[7,41,46,59,69,95,109,116,132,151,161],"adoption":[8,14,47,127,162],"process":[9,48,97],"using":[10,32],"evidence":[11],"from":[12,27],"m-banking":[13],"in":[15,45,68,94,108,160],"Pakistan.":[16],"A":[17],"survey":[18],"design":[19],"was":[20,82],"used":[21],"and":[22,30,65,101,115,126,144,157],"189":[23],"responses":[24],"were":[25],"received":[26],"across":[28],"Pakistan":[29],"analyzed":[31],"Smart":[33],"PLS":[34],"application.":[35],"Findings":[36],"suggest":[37],"that":[38,154],"research":[39],"on":[40],"effect":[42],"risk":[44,156],"remains":[49],"inconclusive.":[50],"Contrarily,":[51],"consumers":[52],"have":[53],"overcome":[54],"many":[55],"fears":[56],"due":[57],"to":[58,84],"usefulness,":[60],"indispensability,":[61],"high":[62],"security":[63],"features,":[64],"effort":[66,112],"expended":[67],"use":[70],"financial":[72],"services":[73],"delivered":[74],"through":[75],"m-banking.":[76],"Perceived":[77],"risk's":[78],"(PR)":[79],"direct":[80,102],"influence":[81,104],"found":[83],"be":[85],"generally":[86],"weak.":[87],"However,":[88],"PR":[89,149],"plays":[90],"major":[92],"role":[93,133,153],"pre-adoption":[96],"because":[98],"it's":[99],"weak":[100],"inhibiting":[103],"become":[105],"an":[106],"\u201cenhancer\u201d":[107],"association":[110],"between":[111],"expectancy":[113,122],"(EE)":[114],"three":[117],"key":[118],"TAM/UTAUT":[119],"constructs":[120],"[performance":[121],"(PE),":[123],"attitude":[124],"(ATT),":[125],"intention":[128],"(INT)].":[129],"Most":[130],"importantly,":[131],"EE":[135,158],"as":[136],"strong":[138],"driver":[139],"PE,":[141],"ATT,":[142],"INT,":[143],"its":[145],"significant":[146],"interaction":[147],"with":[148],"highlights":[150],"unique":[152],"both":[155],"play":[159],"process.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}