{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2561167851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijdls.2015070101","title":"Virtual Reference Services in Modern Libraries","display_name":"Virtual Reference Services in Modern Libraries","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2561167851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijdls.2015070101","mag":"2561167851"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijdls.2015070101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijdls.2015070101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S143974849","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Library Systems","issn_l":"1947-9077","issn":["1947-9077","1947-9085"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Library Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014305455","display_name":"Nadim Akhtar Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1047-8329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135388327","display_name":"University of Kashmir","ror":"https://ror.org/032xfst36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135388327"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nadim Akhtar Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Library and Information Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Library and Information Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135388327"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034120372","display_name":"Tazeem Zainab","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135388327","display_name":"University of Kashmir","ror":"https://ror.org/032xfst36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135388327"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tazeem Zainab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Library and Information Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Library and Information Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135388327"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014305455"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135388327"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.37484041,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12863","display_name":"Web and Library Services","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12863","display_name":"Web and Library Services","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10712","display_name":"Library Science and Information Literacy","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3309","display_name":"Library and Information Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11813","display_name":"Library Collection Development and Digital Resources","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-reference","display_name":"Digital reference","score":0.8609175086021423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7231038212776184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.7121514678001404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.6175858378410339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5799527168273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instant-messaging","display_name":"Instant messaging","score":0.5225315093994141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.5157561302185059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-desk","display_name":"Reference desk","score":0.5127754807472229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-library","display_name":"Digital library","score":0.4829387068748474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-model","display_name":"Reference model","score":0.4793013632297516}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779061114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3480383","display_name":"Digital reference","level":3,"score":0.8609175086021423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7231038212776184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.7121514678001404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.6175858378410339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5799527168273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985487447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58199","display_name":"Instant messaging","level":2,"score":0.5225315093994141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.5157561302185059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778584369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q630961","display_name":"Reference desk","level":2,"score":0.5127754807472229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513874922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212805","display_name":"Digital library","level":3,"score":0.4829387068748474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150189527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356674","display_name":"Reference model","level":2,"score":0.4793013632297516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164913051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q482","display_name":"Poetry","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijdls.2015070101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijdls.2015070101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S143974849","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Library Systems","issn_l":"1947-9077","issn":["1947-9077","1947-9085"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Library Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:jdls00:v:5:y:2015:i:2:p:1-17","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/IJDLS.2015070101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1514768295","https://openalex.org/W1596729597","https://openalex.org/W1991405192","https://openalex.org/W2016602016","https://openalex.org/W2017060999","https://openalex.org/W2017705077","https://openalex.org/W2028019548","https://openalex.org/W2047547360","https://openalex.org/W2048745645","https://openalex.org/W2055692552","https://openalex.org/W2056928725","https://openalex.org/W2059699189","https://openalex.org/W2061191553","https://openalex.org/W2064699183","https://openalex.org/W2072700652","https://openalex.org/W2079358634","https://openalex.org/W2267034389","https://openalex.org/W2950665118","https://openalex.org/W4248745643"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2149941003","https://openalex.org/W2054059873","https://openalex.org/W2048745645","https://openalex.org/W3139898865","https://openalex.org/W2168955792","https://openalex.org/W1977663138","https://openalex.org/W2390582195","https://openalex.org/W1541442688","https://openalex.org/W2025006215","https://openalex.org/W3153271875"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reference":[0,134,189,203,212],"Service":[1],"is":[2,15,30,57,87,160,172],"an":[3],"important":[4],"personalized":[5],"service":[6,18,48,89],"in":[7,49,62,119,191],"the":[8,21,27,34,38,43,50,60,107,155,185,206],"library":[9],"and":[10,65],"information":[11],"centers.":[12],"Traditionally,":[13],"it":[14,56],"a":[16,63],"one-to-one":[17],"provided":[19],"by":[20,33,91],"reference":[22,47,72,78,86,88,121,158,177],"librarian":[23,221],"to":[24,59,104,163,166,174,183,222],"users.":[25],"But":[26],"present":[28,180],"epoch":[29],"being":[31,110],"transformed":[32],"technology.":[35],"Thus,":[36],"with":[37,106],"progression":[39],"of":[40,45,115,187,199,214],"shifting":[41],"technology":[42,97],"approaches":[44],"providing":[46,200],"libraries":[51,148],"are":[52],"gradually":[53],"changing.":[54],"Nowadays":[55],"offered":[58],"user":[61,139],"fresh":[64],"more":[66,150,169,175],"developed":[67],"form":[68],"called":[69],"as":[70,76],"\u201cvirtual":[71],"service\u201d,":[73],"also":[74,195,208],"known":[75],"\u201cdigital":[77],"service\u201d":[79],"(Mahrana":[80],"&":[81,144],"Panda,":[82],"n.":[83],"d.).":[84],"Virtual":[85,133,176,188,202,211],"commenced":[90],"electronic":[92],"means":[93],"where":[94],"patrons":[95],"employ":[96],"(a":[98],"computer":[99],"or":[100],"any":[101],"other":[102],"form)":[103],"communicate":[105],"professionals":[108],"without":[109],"physically":[111],"present.":[112],"The":[113,179],"modes":[114,198],"communication":[116],"often":[117],"used":[118],"virtual":[120,157],"include":[122],"e-mail,":[123],"instant":[124],"messaging,":[125],"chat,":[126],"Voice-over-IP,":[127],"videoconferencing,":[128],"co-browsing":[129],"etc.":[130],"(RUSA,":[131],"2010).":[132],"Services":[135,190],"(VRS)":[136],"have":[137],"high":[138],"satisfaction":[140],"(Mu,":[141],"Dimitroff,":[142],"Jordan,":[143],"Burclaff,":[145],"2011).":[146],"As":[147],"make":[149],"digital":[151],"resources":[152],"available":[153],"over":[154],"web,":[156],"traffic":[159],"consequently":[161],"expected":[162],"increase.":[164],"According":[165],"Gray":[167],"(2000a)":[168],"internet":[170],"use":[171],"equal":[173],"traffic.":[178],"article":[181],"aims":[182],"discuss":[184],"concept":[186],"contemporary":[192],"libraries.":[193],"It":[194],"assesses":[196],"nascent":[197],"quality":[201],"Services.":[204],"Further":[205],"chapter":[207],"discusses":[209],"reputed":[210],"systems":[213],"select":[215],"online":[216],"Libraries.Request":[217],"access":[218],"from":[219],"your":[220],"read":[223],"this":[224],"article's":[225],"full":[226],"text.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
