{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3119182706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijdet.2021010103","title":"Exploring the Relationship Between Student Behavioral Patterns and Learning Outcomes in a SPOC","display_name":"Exploring the Relationship Between Student Behavioral Patterns and Learning Outcomes in a SPOC","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3119182706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijdet.2021010103","mag":"3119182706"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijdet.2021010103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijdet.2021010103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103640237","display_name":"International Journal of Distance Education Technologies","issn_l":"1539-3100","issn":["1539-3100","1539-3119"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distance Education Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100751850","display_name":"Changsheng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4857-6810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28006308","display_name":"Shandong Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wy3h363","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Changsheng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiangzeng Meng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28006308","display_name":"Shandong Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wy3h363","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangzeng Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Journalism and Media, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Journalism and Media, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100751850"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7041,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86112846,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":"35","last_page":"49"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5633575320243835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/login","display_name":"Login","score":0.5394948124885559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.5046552419662476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.49135318398475647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-engagement","display_name":"Student engagement","score":0.463519424200058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-pattern","display_name":"Behavioral pattern","score":0.4462316930294037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.4223478138446808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education","display_name":"Higher education","score":0.413019061088562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blended-learning","display_name":"Blended learning","score":0.4112810492515564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3705489933490753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-technology","display_name":"Educational technology","score":0.362663209438324}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5633575320243835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113324615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472302","display_name":"Login","level":2,"score":0.5394948124885559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.5046552419662476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.49135318398475647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194519906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7627827","display_name":"Student engagement","level":2,"score":0.463519424200058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83804111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1063558","display_name":"Behavioral pattern","level":2,"score":0.4462316930294037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4223478138446808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.413019061088562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158592959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q869010","display_name":"Blended learning","level":3,"score":0.4112810492515564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3705489933490753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.362663209438324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijdet.2021010103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijdet.2021010103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103640237","display_name":"International Journal of Distance Education Technologies","issn_l":"1539-3100","issn":["1539-3100","1539-3119"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distance Education Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536905387","https://openalex.org/W1983610490","https://openalex.org/W1983849033","https://openalex.org/W2004181325","https://openalex.org/W2028324016","https://openalex.org/W2042906117","https://openalex.org/W2086349030","https://openalex.org/W2091378680","https://openalex.org/W2120327912","https://openalex.org/W2147307034","https://openalex.org/W2322788736","https://openalex.org/W2338456786","https://openalex.org/W2398631725","https://openalex.org/W2533014371","https://openalex.org/W2543562683","https://openalex.org/W2590045462","https://openalex.org/W2765733854","https://openalex.org/W2791399170","https://openalex.org/W2900823441","https://openalex.org/W2973117219","https://openalex.org/W3097162359"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4235220108","https://openalex.org/W4256170434","https://openalex.org/W4233948907","https://openalex.org/W4315650027","https://openalex.org/W4238894392","https://openalex.org/W2141967468","https://openalex.org/W2914528157","https://openalex.org/W1964648952","https://openalex.org/W3080287063","https://openalex.org/W2806361344"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,21,44,50,93],"supplement":[2],"to":[3],"face-to-face":[4],"teaching,":[5],"small":[6],"private":[7],"online":[8,64],"courses":[9],"(SPOCs)":[10],"have":[11],"become":[12],"increasingly":[13],"popular":[14],"in":[15,28,109,120],"higher":[16,106],"education.":[17],"Nevertheless,":[18],"there":[19],"is":[20],"lack":[22],"of":[23,39,62],"research":[24],"on":[25,97],"behavioral":[26,37],"patterns":[27,38],"the":[29,36,63,71,102],"university":[30,51],"SPOC.":[31],"This":[32],"empirical":[33],"study":[34],"investigates":[35],"306":[40],"undergraduate":[41],"students":[42],"taking":[43],"degree":[45],"course":[46],"partially":[47],"taught":[48],"through":[49],"learning":[52,65,76,83,99],"platform.":[53],"Results":[54],"suggested":[55],"that":[56,88],"task-oriented":[57],"behaviors":[58],"accounted":[59],"for":[60],"most":[61,72],"processes.":[66],"The":[67,85,114],"login":[68],"behavior":[69],"was":[70],"significantly":[73],"correlated":[74],"with":[75,82],"outcomes,":[77],"followed":[78],"by":[79],"student":[80],"engagement":[81,90],"activities.":[84,113],"authors":[86],"found":[87],"students'":[89],"levels":[91,108],"had":[92],"statistically":[94],"significant":[95],"impact":[96],"their":[98],"outcomes.":[100],"Additionally,":[101],"high-achieving":[103],"group":[104,116],"demonstrated":[105],"activity":[107],"performance-":[110],"and":[111],"objective-driven":[112],"low-achieving":[115],"encountered":[117],"some":[118],"difficulties":[119],"self-regulated":[121],"learning.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}