{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2480110474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcwt.2016070105","title":"Semantic Technologies and Big Data Analytics for Cyber Defence","display_name":"Semantic Technologies and Big Data Analytics for Cyber Defence","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2480110474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcwt.2016070105","mag":"2480110474"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijcwt.2016070105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcwt.2016070105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168647","display_name":"International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism","issn_l":"1947-3435","issn":["1947-3435","1947-3443"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054738299","display_name":"Louise Leenen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9212-550X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159253421","display_name":"Cape Peninsula University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/056e9h402","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159253421"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Louise Leenen","raw_affiliation_strings":["DPSS, CSIR and Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DPSS, CSIR and Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159253421"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102011951","display_name":"Thomas Meyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2204-6969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Meyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAIR, CSIR Meraka, and Computer Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAIR, CSIR Meraka, and Computer Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054738299"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159253421"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3379,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65933342,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"3","first_page":"53","last_page":"64"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9843000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7786399126052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.7376964092254639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.7095938920974731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-technology","display_name":"Semantic technology","score":0.5945411324501038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sophistication","display_name":"Sophistication","score":0.5424725413322449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytics","display_name":"Analytics","score":0.5328925848007202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3284400403499603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-computing","display_name":"Semantic computing","score":0.27626949548721313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-web","display_name":"Semantic Web","score":0.2593076825141907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19811081886291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.18828129768371582}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7786399126052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.7376964092254639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.7095938920974731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6881194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449091","display_name":"Semantic technology","level":4,"score":0.5945411324501038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168725872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q991663","display_name":"Sophistication","level":2,"score":0.5424725413322449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79158427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485396","display_name":"Analytics","level":2,"score":0.5328925848007202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3284400403499603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511149849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449051","display_name":"Semantic computing","level":3,"score":0.27626949548721313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2129575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54837","display_name":"Semantic Web","level":2,"score":0.2593076825141907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19811081886291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.18828129768371582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijcwt.2016070105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcwt.2016070105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168647","display_name":"International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism","issn_l":"1947-3435","issn":["1947-3435","1947-3443"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:jcwt00:v:6:y:2016:i:3:p:53-64","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/IJCWT.2016070105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W70340051","https://openalex.org/W149598862","https://openalex.org/W199563344","https://openalex.org/W1584620713","https://openalex.org/W1802453754","https://openalex.org/W1868711929","https://openalex.org/W2054470867","https://openalex.org/W2069460378","https://openalex.org/W2096878488","https://openalex.org/W2099456548","https://openalex.org/W2111938393","https://openalex.org/W2113272630","https://openalex.org/W2118355922","https://openalex.org/W2126505203","https://openalex.org/W2134193499","https://openalex.org/W2137079713","https://openalex.org/W2138644293","https://openalex.org/W2140941224","https://openalex.org/W2163746301","https://openalex.org/W2294467378","https://openalex.org/W2402910618","https://openalex.org/W2407451098","https://openalex.org/W2544048410"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4241263575","https://openalex.org/W2317823609","https://openalex.org/W3130462184","https://openalex.org/W2902287117","https://openalex.org/W4318256508","https://openalex.org/W2401463593","https://openalex.org/W2349808627","https://openalex.org/W2391671934","https://openalex.org/W3023500690","https://openalex.org/W3124280623"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,55,113,144,175,220],"Governments,":[1],"military":[2],"forces":[3],"and":[4,44,64,91,101,129,152,229,243,263,272],"other":[5,130,153],"organisations":[6],"responsible":[7],"for":[8,42,98,226,275],"cybersecurity":[9],"deal":[10,210],"with":[11,211],"vast":[12,32,61],"amounts":[13,33,106],"of":[14,34,52,71,103,107,166,177,214,222,257,260],"data":[15,62,82,116,137,142,167,173,241,265],"that":[16,139,238],"has":[17],"to":[18,23,25,30,37,48,57,67,119,135,147,184,209,217,248],"be":[19,218],"understood":[20],"in":[21,60,76,109,231,267,278],"order":[22],"lead":[24],"intelligent":[26,131],"decision":[27,45,186],"making.":[28],"Due":[29],"the":[31,69,77,99,104,110,164,172,212,258,279],"information":[35,108,224],"pertinent":[36],"cybersecurity,":[38,90],"automation":[39],"is":[40,146,158,168,188,270],"required":[41,216],"processing":[43,100,132],"making,":[46],"specifically":[47],"present":[49],"advance":[50],"warning":[51],"possible":[53],"threats.":[54,254],"ability":[56],"detect":[58,148],"patterns":[59,73],"sets,":[63],"being":[65],"able":[66],"understanding":[68,102,228],"significance":[70],"detected":[72],"are":[74,196,204,246,282],"essential":[75],"cyber":[78,93,111,232,253,268],"defence":[79,94,233,269],"domain.":[80],"Big":[81],"technologies":[83,87,157,179,245,262,266],"supported":[84],"by":[85,95],"semantic":[86,178,223,244,261],"can":[88],"improve":[89],"thus":[92],"providing":[96],"support":[97,185],"huge":[105],"environment.":[112],"term":[114],"big":[115,240,264],"analytics":[117,242],"refers":[118],"advanced":[120],"analytic":[121],"techniques":[122,133],"such":[123,180],"as":[124,181],"machine":[125],"learning,":[126],"predictive":[127],"analysis,":[128],"applied":[134],"large":[136],"sets":[138],"contain":[140],"different":[141],"types.":[143],"purpose":[145],"patterns,":[149],"correlations,":[150],"trends":[151],"useful":[154],"information.":[155],"Semantic":[156],"a":[159],"knowledge":[160],"representation":[161],"paradigm":[162],"where":[163],"meaning":[165],"encoded":[169],"separately":[170],"from":[171],"itself.":[174],"use":[176,259],"logic-based":[182],"systems":[183,195],"making":[187],"becoming":[189],"increasingly":[190],"popular.":[191],"However,":[192],"most":[193],"automated":[194],"currently":[197],"based":[198],"on":[199],"syntactic":[200],"rules.":[201],"These":[202],"rules":[203],"generally":[205],"not":[206],"sophisticated":[207],"enough":[208],"complexity":[213],"decisions":[215],"made.":[219],"incorporation":[221],"allows":[225],"increased":[227],"sophistication":[230],"systems.":[234],"This":[235],"paper":[236],"argues":[237],"both":[239],"necessary":[247],"provide":[249],"counter":[250],"measures":[251],"against":[252],"An":[255],"overview":[256],"provided,":[271],"important":[273],"areas":[274],"future":[276],"research":[277],"combined":[280],"domains":[281],"discussed.":[283]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}