{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2364724336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcwt.2016040104","title":"SPCTA","display_name":"SPCTA","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2364724336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcwt.2016040104","mag":"2364724336"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijcwt.2016040104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcwt.2016040104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168647","display_name":"International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism","issn_l":"1947-3435","issn":["1947-3435","1947-3443"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076570544","display_name":"H. A. Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8314-7862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151403","display_name":"Norwich University Applied Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqezz06","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151403"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Harry Brown III","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwich University, Northfield, VT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwich University, Northfield, VT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151403"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076570544"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151403"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06360065,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"41","last_page":"60"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9176999926567078,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.7244744896888733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.7065160274505615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6353174448013306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-connectedness","display_name":"Social connectedness","score":0.5777145624160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance","display_name":"Corporate governance","score":0.5647225975990295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5142766833305359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.467830091714859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.4427790939807892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4298977255821228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.42748868465423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.4164869785308838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.37891101837158203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3385241627693176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-and-economics","display_name":"Law and economics","score":0.32700392603874207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.2629767656326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.2243301272392273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.21331718564033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.14121302962303162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.09827029705047607}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.7244744896888733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7065160274505615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6353174448013306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201943243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551008","display_name":"Social connectedness","level":2,"score":0.5777145624160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.5647225975990295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5142766833305359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.467830091714859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4427790939807892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4298977255821228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.42748868465423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4164869785308838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.37891101837158203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3385241627693176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.32700392603874207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2629767656326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2243301272392273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.21331718564033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.14121302962303162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09827029705047607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijcwt.2016040104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcwt.2016040104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168647","display_name":"International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism","issn_l":"1947-3435","issn":["1947-3435","1947-3443"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:jcwt00:v:6:y:2016:i:2:p:41-60","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/IJCWT.2016040104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W92704792","https://openalex.org/W186707856","https://openalex.org/W1542656023","https://openalex.org/W1967877710","https://openalex.org/W2016876034","https://openalex.org/W2155317746","https://openalex.org/W2183746271","https://openalex.org/W2255978900","https://openalex.org/W2502424008","https://openalex.org/W2564282744","https://openalex.org/W2566743944","https://openalex.org/W2571162752","https://openalex.org/W2583822053","https://openalex.org/W2584794099","https://openalex.org/W2761115414"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3125761283","https://openalex.org/W2164081328","https://openalex.org/W1976722080","https://openalex.org/W3152831473","https://openalex.org/W3092556108","https://openalex.org/W1995672666","https://openalex.org/W2190085401","https://openalex.org/W3044931971","https://openalex.org/W3008541637","https://openalex.org/W3121197002"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,15],"field":[1],"of":[2,20,37,54,59,70,78,113],"cybersecurity":[3],"crosses":[4],"multiple":[5],"domains":[6],"as":[7],"it":[8],"has":[9,17],"risen":[10],"to":[11,28,47,81,101],"affect":[12,34,86,90],"state":[13,30,87,91],"governance.":[14],"Internet":[16],"enabled":[18],"aspects":[19],"connectedness":[21],"and":[22,44,85,89,93,121],"capabilities":[23],"that":[24],"have":[25],"the":[26,35,40,57,67,71,76,102,105,111],"potential":[27],"effect":[29],"power.":[31],"Such":[32],"conditions":[33,74],"standing":[36],"nation-states":[38],"within":[39,116],"international":[41],"political":[42],"system":[43],"their":[45],"relation":[46],"other":[48,63],"states.":[49],"This":[50,108],"is":[51,64],"a":[52],"matter":[53],"cyber-relations,":[55],"where":[56],"behavior":[58],"states":[60],"towards":[61],"each":[62],"based":[65],"on":[66],"comparative":[68],"cyber-capability":[69],"state.":[72],"Emerging":[73],"include":[75],"ability":[77],"non-state":[79,114,129],"actors":[80,115],"wield":[82],"similar":[83],"cyber-power":[84],"governance,":[88],"operations":[92],"its":[94,97],"contract":[95],"with":[96],"constituents":[98],"(contract":[99],"alluding":[100],"provisions":[103],"for":[104,124],"public":[106],"good).":[107],"research":[109],"addresses":[110],"notion":[112],"this":[117],"context,":[118],"specifically,":[119],"proposing":[120],"analytical":[122],"framework":[123],"analyzing":[125],"cyber":[126],"threats":[127],"from":[128],"actors.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}