{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1991848138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcwt.2014040103","title":"Countering Threats","display_name":"Countering Threats","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1991848138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcwt.2014040103","mag":"1991848138"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijcwt.2014040103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcwt.2014040103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168647","display_name":"International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism","issn_l":"1947-3435","issn":["1947-3435","1947-3443"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056618960","display_name":"Margarita Jaitner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43968019","display_name":"Karlstad University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s754026","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43968019"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Margarita Jaitner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43968019"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056618960"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43968019"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1937485,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"2","first_page":"35","last_page":"45"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.627453088760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-enforcement","display_name":"Law enforcement","score":0.5915029644966125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.4795210659503937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enforcement","display_name":"Enforcement","score":0.46912312507629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radicalization","display_name":"Radicalization","score":0.4690718352794647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.45713838934898376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.4542955458164215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cohesion","display_name":"Cohesion (chemistry)","score":0.41966748237609863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3672959804534912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrorism","display_name":"Terrorism","score":0.293175607919693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.27637553215026855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.13882851600646973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.627453088760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.5915029644966125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4795210659503937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.46912312507629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3416483","display_name":"Radicalization","level":3,"score":0.4690718352794647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.45713838934898376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4542955458164215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104054115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216828","display_name":"Cohesion (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.41966748237609863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3672959804534912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203133693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7283","display_name":"Terrorism","level":2,"score":0.293175607919693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.27637553215026855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.13882851600646973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijcwt.2014040103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcwt.2014040103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168647","display_name":"International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism","issn_l":"1947-3435","issn":["1947-3435","1947-3443"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:jcwt00:v:4:y:2014:i:2:p:35-45","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/ijcwt.2014040103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1526876643","https://openalex.org/W1795140401","https://openalex.org/W1959725665","https://openalex.org/W1994480173","https://openalex.org/W2079034628","https://openalex.org/W2164506448","https://openalex.org/W2501859913","https://openalex.org/W2611634515","https://openalex.org/W3121315632","https://openalex.org/W4255959053"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2946271828","https://openalex.org/W2169368313","https://openalex.org/W2063717240","https://openalex.org/W2573033159","https://openalex.org/W4220869003","https://openalex.org/W2066706785","https://openalex.org/W3186852720","https://openalex.org/W3135790446","https://openalex.org/W650369934"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,265,305],"increased":[1,78],"adoption":[2],"of":[3,29,56,86,100,106,117,136,146,167,195,210,217,229,276,283,322,335],"social":[4,41,101,118,186,211,230,255,313],"media":[5,102,119,187,212,256,314],"has":[6,75,171],"presented":[7],"security":[8,248,260],"and":[9,125,159,179,220,250,259,269,278,302,320,330,337],"law":[10,110,204,251],"enforcement":[11,111,205,252],"authorities":[12,249,293],"with":[13,254],"significant":[14],"new":[15],"challenges.":[16],"For":[17],"example,":[18],"the":[19,65,71,92,104,184,226,239,296,308,325,333],"Swedish":[20],"Security":[21],"Service":[22],"(S\u00c4PO)":[23],"asserts":[24],"that":[25,88,108],"a":[26,114,127,137,150,164,214,221,244,274,284],"large":[27,138],"proportion":[28],"radicalization":[30],"takes":[31],"place":[32],"in":[33,47,61,64,77,238,257,263],"open":[34],"fora":[35],"online.":[36],"Still,":[37],"approaches":[38],"to":[39,44,82,90,123,154,174,192,203,294,298],"contain":[40],"media-driven":[42],"challenges":[43],"security,":[45],"particularly":[46],"democratic":[48],"societies,":[49],"remain":[50],"little":[51],"explored.":[52],"Nonetheless,":[53],"this":[54,241],"type":[55],"knowledge":[57],"may":[58],"become":[59],"relevant":[60],"European":[62],"countries":[63],"near":[66],"future:":[67],"Amongst":[68],"other":[69],"factors,":[70],"challenging":[72],"economic":[73],"situation":[74],"resulted":[76],"public":[79],"discontent":[80],"leading":[81],"emergence":[83],"or":[84],"manifestation":[85],"groups":[87,122,133,173],"seek":[89],"challenge":[91,151],"existing":[93],"policies":[94],"by":[95],"almost":[96],"any":[97],"means.":[98],"Use":[99],"multiplies":[103],"number":[105],"vectors":[107],"need":[109],"attention.":[112],"First,":[113],"high":[115,165],"level":[116,166],"adaption":[120],"allows":[121,292],"reach":[124],"attract":[126],"wider":[128],"audience.":[129],"Unlike":[130],"previously,":[131],"many":[132],"today":[134],"consist":[135],"but":[139,198],"very":[140],"loosely":[141],"connected":[142],"network.":[143],"This":[144,291],"lack":[145],"cohesion":[147],"can":[148],"present":[149],"for":[152,247,280],"authorities,":[153],"identify":[155],"emerging":[156],"key":[157],"actors":[158],"assess":[160],"threat":[161],"levels.":[162],"Second,":[163],"mobile":[168],"web":[169],"penetration":[170],"allowed":[172],"ad-hoc":[175],"organize,":[176],"amend":[177],"plans":[178],"redirect":[180],"physical":[181,338],"activities.":[182,290],"Third,":[183],"tool":[185],"is":[188,199,267,310,315],"as":[189,200,232,234,317],"not":[190],"exclusive":[191],"potential":[193,285],"perpetrators":[194],"unlawful":[196],"action,":[197],"well":[201,233],"available":[202],"authorities.":[206],"Yet,":[207],"efficient":[208],"utilization":[209],"requires":[213],"deep":[215],"understanding":[216],"its":[218,235],"nature":[219],"well-crafted,":[222],"comprehensive":[223],"approach.":[224],"Acknowledging":[225],"broad":[227],"functionality":[228],"media,":[231],"current":[236],"status":[237],"society,":[240],"article":[242],"describes":[243],"model":[245],"process":[246,266,297,309,326],"work":[253,262],"general":[258],"services":[261],"particular.":[264],"cyclic":[268],"largely":[270],"modular.":[271],"It":[272],"provides":[273],"set":[275],"goals":[277],"tasks":[279],"each":[281],"stage":[282],"event,":[286],"rather":[287],"than":[288],"fixed":[289],"adapt":[295],"individual":[299],"legal":[300],"frameworks":[301],"organization":[303],"setups.":[304],"approach":[306],"behind":[307],"holistic":[311],"where":[312],"regarded":[316],"both":[318],"source":[319],"destination":[321],"information.":[323],"Ultimately,":[324],"aims":[327],"at":[328],"efficiently":[329],"effectively":[331],"mitigating":[332],"risk":[334],"virtual":[336],"violence.":[339]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
