{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2923467053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcvip.2019040103","title":"A Multimodal Approach to Enhancing Automobile Security","display_name":"A Multimodal Approach to Enhancing Automobile Security","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2923467053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcvip.2019040103","mag":"2923467053"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijcvip.2019040103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcvip.2019040103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177549","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision and Image Processing","issn_l":"2155-6989","issn":["2155-6989","2155-6997"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision and Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032691539","display_name":"Samuel D. Okegbile","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3714-3534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45711476","display_name":"Obafemi Awolowo University","ror":"https://ror.org/04snhqa82","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45711476"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Dayo Okegbile","raw_affiliation_strings":["Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3714-3534","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45711476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103021516","display_name":"Segun Aina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5080-1760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45711476","display_name":"Obafemi Awolowo University","ror":"https://ror.org/04snhqa82","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45711476"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Segun Aina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun state, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun state, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45711476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030182478","display_name":"Sanmi Akinmodun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45711476","display_name":"Obafemi Awolowo University","ror":"https://ror.org/04snhqa82","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45711476"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanmi Akinmodun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun state, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun state, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45711476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084699194","display_name":"Adeniran Ishola Oluwaranti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45711476","display_name":"Obafemi Awolowo University","ror":"https://ror.org/04snhqa82","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45711476"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adeniran Ishola Oluwaranti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun state, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun state, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45711476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113431016","display_name":"Aderonke R. Lawal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45711476","display_name":"Obafemi Awolowo University","ror":"https://ror.org/04snhqa82","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45711476"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aderonke Rasheedat Lawal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun state, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun state, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45711476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032691539"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45711476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02947691,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"32","last_page":"47"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12406","display_name":"IoT and GPS-based Vehicle Safety Systems","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inefficiency","display_name":"Inefficiency","score":0.7253884077072144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5901009440422058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5655176043510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.5248078107833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.45617246627807617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.36387181282043457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2876773476600647}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778869765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6028363","display_name":"Inefficiency","level":2,"score":0.7253884077072144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5901009440422058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5655176043510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.5248078107833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.45617246627807617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.36387181282043457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2876773476600647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijcvip.2019040103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcvip.2019040103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177549","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision and Image Processing","issn_l":"2155-6989","issn":["2155-6989","2155-6997"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision and Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W256538583","https://openalex.org/W1907612142","https://openalex.org/W2058337830","https://openalex.org/W2116051282","https://openalex.org/W2122372491","https://openalex.org/W2137659841","https://openalex.org/W2182633533","https://openalex.org/W2188655676","https://openalex.org/W2281196734","https://openalex.org/W2299637017","https://openalex.org/W2311310438","https://openalex.org/W2314534096","https://openalex.org/W2316713700","https://openalex.org/W2600184996","https://openalex.org/W2605229070","https://openalex.org/W2737306718","https://openalex.org/W2746620120","https://openalex.org/W2753296938","https://openalex.org/W2761816179","https://openalex.org/W2783658424","https://openalex.org/W2796035808","https://openalex.org/W4248033261","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2264067234","https://openalex.org/W3124243301","https://openalex.org/W1571502335","https://openalex.org/W1589409554","https://openalex.org/W2759038785","https://openalex.org/W2172232600","https://openalex.org/W3123876860","https://openalex.org/W3124172198","https://openalex.org/W2142633247","https://openalex.org/W2148394657"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,118,134],"continuous":[1],"increase":[2,11],"in":[3,10,12,103],"use":[4,93],"of":[5,31,58,66,81,90,107,115,139,145,162],"the":[6,56,64,73,79,82,88,105,108,143],"automobiles":[7],"has":[8],"resulted":[9],"vehicular":[13],"traffic":[14],"and":[15,39,63,94,126,149],"social":[16],"vices":[17],"such":[18,35],"as":[19,36],"theft,":[20],"thus":[21],"necessitating":[22],"efforts":[23],"for":[24],"improving":[25],"automobile":[26,60,74,92,141],"security.":[27],"As":[28],"a":[29,146,159,163],"result":[30],"this,":[32],"various":[33],"solutions":[34],"satellite":[37],"monitoring":[38],"General":[40],"Packet":[41],"Radio":[42],"Services":[43],"have":[44],"been":[45],"adopted":[46],"to":[47,71],"track":[48],"vehicle":[49,69,160],"locations":[50],"over":[51],"time.":[52],"This":[53],"article":[54],"combines":[55],"uniqueness":[57],"an":[59,67,113,127,140,154],"plate":[61,147],"number":[62,148],"face(s)":[65],"authorized":[68],"driver":[70,156],"enhance":[72],"security":[75,138],"system,":[76],"hence":[77],"eliminating":[78],"inefficiency":[80],"existing":[83],"tag":[84],"system":[85,136],"while":[86],"reducing":[87],"cases":[89],"unauthorized":[91,155],"outright":[95],"theft.":[96],"A":[97],"weighted":[98],"score":[99],"approach":[100],"was":[101],"used":[102],"evaluating":[104],"efficiency":[106],"character":[109],"recognition":[110,120],"subsystem":[111,121],"with":[112],"accuracy":[114],"89.3%":[116],"recorded.":[117],"face":[119],"also":[122],"achieved":[123],"reliable":[124],"genuine":[125],"imposter":[128],"attempt":[129],"at":[130],"0.0":[131],"confidence":[132],"level.":[133],"designed":[135],"ensured":[137],"through":[142],"combination":[144],"image":[150],"recognition,":[151],"thereby":[152],"preventing":[153],"from":[157],"taking":[158],"out":[161],"controlled":[164],"area.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}