{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2920680750","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcvip.2019010103","title":"Online Handwritten Gujarati Word Recognition","display_name":"Online Handwritten Gujarati Word Recognition","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2920680750","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcvip.2019010103","mag":"2920680750"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijcvip.2019010103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcvip.2019010103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177549","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision and Image Processing","issn_l":"2155-6989","issn":["2155-6989","2155-6997"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision and Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007443407","display_name":"Vishal A. Naik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10926426","display_name":"Veer Narmad South Gujarat University","ror":"https://ror.org/04frnz493","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10926426"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vishal A. Naik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Gujarat, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Gujarat, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10926426"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014285115","display_name":"Apurva A. Desai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2442-7450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10926426","display_name":"Veer Narmad South Gujarat University","ror":"https://ror.org/04frnz493","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10926426"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Apurva A. Desai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Gujarat, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Gujarat, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10926426"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007443407"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10926426"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2024,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51162865,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"35","last_page":"50"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.770197331905365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chain-code","display_name":"Chain code","score":0.7578680515289307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.64805668592453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.6301000714302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/punctuation","display_name":"Punctuation","score":0.5746682286262512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5741725564002991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5411050319671631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5225353240966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.49990367889404297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4998502731323242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.46601393818855286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scripting-language","display_name":"Scripting language","score":0.4626316428184509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.4334656894207001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.1095234751701355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.770197331905365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93058836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1453572","display_name":"Chain code","level":3,"score":0.7578680515289307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.64805668592453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6301000714302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540372491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82622","display_name":"Punctuation","level":2,"score":0.5746682286262512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5741725564002991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5411050319671631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5225353240966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.49990367889404297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4998502731323242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.46601393818855286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61423126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187432","display_name":"Scripting language","level":2,"score":0.4626316428184509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.4334656894207001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.1095234751701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijcvip.2019010103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcvip.2019010103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177549","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision and Image Processing","issn_l":"2155-6989","issn":["2155-6989","2155-6997"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision and Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13631006","https://openalex.org/W1612517661","https://openalex.org/W1718603422","https://openalex.org/W1973732031","https://openalex.org/W1974190708","https://openalex.org/W2000020734","https://openalex.org/W2001445689","https://openalex.org/W2005436514","https://openalex.org/W2015038480","https://openalex.org/W2109259989","https://openalex.org/W2111271658","https://openalex.org/W2153272791","https://openalex.org/W2153694148","https://openalex.org/W2285562619","https://openalex.org/W2290758114","https://openalex.org/W2337218305","https://openalex.org/W2421260837","https://openalex.org/W2460652550","https://openalex.org/W2537107066","https://openalex.org/W2547834155","https://openalex.org/W2549392639","https://openalex.org/W2568032840","https://openalex.org/W2728540605","https://openalex.org/W2772817552","https://openalex.org/W2777786982","https://openalex.org/W2783012848","https://openalex.org/W2888980113","https://openalex.org/W2889252311"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2345184372","https://openalex.org/W3013515612","https://openalex.org/W2136184105","https://openalex.org/W2041399278","https://openalex.org/W2160451891","https://openalex.org/W2336974148","https://openalex.org/W2056016498","https://openalex.org/W2389470892","https://openalex.org/W2187500075","https://openalex.org/W2378448154"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"article,":[2],"an":[3,100],"online":[4],"handwritten":[5],"word":[6],"recognition":[7],"system":[8],"for":[9,104,108,113,119],"the":[10],"Gujarati":[11],"language":[12],"is":[13,122],"presented":[14],"by":[15],"combining":[16],"strokes,":[17],"characters,":[18,106],"punctuation":[19],"marks,":[20],"and":[21,65,76,91,111],"diacritics.":[22,77],"The":[23,39,46,57,86,96,115],"authors":[24,40,58,87,97],"have":[25,59,88,98],"used":[26,41,60,89],"a":[27,34,42,61,72,84],"support":[28],"vector":[29],"machine":[30],"classification":[31],"algorithm":[32],"with":[33,54],"radial":[35],"basis":[36],"function":[37],"kernel.":[38],"hybrid":[43,47],"features":[44,53],"set.":[45],"feature":[48],"set":[49],"consists":[50],"of":[51,74,102],"directional":[52],"curvature":[55],"data.":[56],"normalized":[62],"chain":[63,67],"code":[64,68],"zoning-based":[66],"features.":[69],"Words":[70],"are":[71],"combination":[73],"characters":[75,121],"Recognized":[78],"strokes":[79],"require":[80],"post-processing":[81,94],"to":[82],"form":[83],"word.":[85],"location-based":[90],"mapping":[92],"rule-based":[93],"methods.":[95],"achieved":[99],"accuracy":[101],"95.3%":[103],"individual":[105,109,120],"91.5%":[107],"words,":[110],"83.3%":[112],"sentences.":[114],"average":[116],"processing":[117],"time":[118],"0.071":[123],"seconds.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}