{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2980967918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcini.2020010102","title":"Detecting DDoS Attacks Using Polyscale Analysis and Deep Learning","display_name":"Detecting DDoS Attacks Using Polyscale Analysis and Deep Learning","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2980967918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcini.2020010102","mag":"2980967918"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijcini.2020010102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcini.2020010102","pdf_url":"https://www.igi-global.com/ViewTitle.aspx?TitleId=240242&isxn=9781799805311","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157664362","display_name":"International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence","issn_l":"1557-3958","issn":["1557-3958","1557-3966"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.igi-global.com/ViewTitle.aspx?TitleId=240242&isxn=9781799805311","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103872286","display_name":"Maryam Ghanbari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryam Ghanbari","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038834884","display_name":"Witold Kinsner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6759-1410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Witold Kinsner","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9548,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87830557,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"17","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.9225473403930664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9004955887794495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5927059650421143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5383061170578003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.5183050036430359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4870932102203369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-layer-ddos-attack","display_name":"Application layer DDoS attack","score":0.45832645893096924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.45558199286460876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.44685086607933044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-wavelet-transform","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","score":0.4405761957168579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.39914384484291077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.3140339255332947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.10374265909194946}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.9225473403930664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9004955887794495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5927059650421143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5383061170578003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.5183050036430359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4870932102203369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120865594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Application layer DDoS attack","level":4,"score":0.45832645893096924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.45558199286460876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.44685086607933044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46286280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414958","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","level":4,"score":0.4405761957168579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.39914384484291077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.3140339255332947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.10374265909194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijcini.2020010102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcini.2020010102","pdf_url":"https://www.igi-global.com/ViewTitle.aspx?TitleId=240242&isxn=9781799805311","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157664362","display_name":"International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence","issn_l":"1557-3958","issn":["1557-3958","1557-3966"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:jcini0:v:14:y:2020:i:1:p:17-34","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/IJCINI.2020010102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijcini.2020010102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcini.2020010102","pdf_url":"https://www.igi-global.com/ViewTitle.aspx?TitleId=240242&isxn=9781799805311","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157664362","display_name":"International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence","issn_l":"1557-3958","issn":["1557-3958","1557-3966"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310638","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311526","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311952","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321389","display_name":"Islamic Azad University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kzn7k21"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2980967918.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2980967918.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62038807","https://openalex.org/W1470137088","https://openalex.org/W1605029620","https://openalex.org/W1605967505","https://openalex.org/W1710476689","https://openalex.org/W1910221752","https://openalex.org/W1967975009","https://openalex.org/W2013330792","https://openalex.org/W2031909226","https://openalex.org/W2055271538","https://openalex.org/W2119531181","https://openalex.org/W2121511513","https://openalex.org/W2130602610","https://openalex.org/W2147614994","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2558365135","https://openalex.org/W2724651715","https://openalex.org/W2775086321","https://openalex.org/W2785504727","https://openalex.org/W2868829445","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W6637568146","https://openalex.org/W7006733950"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2163073107","https://openalex.org/W3193301557","https://openalex.org/W2371096191","https://openalex.org/W2041246122","https://openalex.org/W2890138326","https://openalex.org/W1577789985","https://openalex.org/W4223656335","https://openalex.org/W2148116311","https://openalex.org/W2158240667","https://openalex.org/W2075963752"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Distributed":[0],"denial-of-service":[1],"(DDoS)":[2],"attacks":[3],"are":[4],"serious":[5],"threats":[6],"to":[7,74,91,98],"the":[8,31,48,51,66,79,92,96,119],"availability":[9],"of":[10,34,50,65],"a":[11,35,39,57],"smart":[12,40],"grid":[13],"infrastructure":[14],"services":[15],"because":[16],"they":[17],"can":[18],"cause":[19],"massive":[20],"blackouts.":[21],"This":[22,42],"study":[23],"describes":[24],"an":[25],"anomaly":[26],"detection":[27,32],"method":[28],"for":[29,113],"improving":[30],"rate":[33],"DDoS":[36,120],"attack":[37,121],"in":[38,56],"grid.":[41],"improvement":[43],"was":[44,72,89,111],"achieved":[45],"by":[46],"increasing":[47],"classification":[49],"training":[52],"and":[53,95],"testing":[54],"phases":[55],"convolutional":[58],"neural":[59],"network":[60],"(CNN).":[61],"A":[62,84,106],"full":[63],"version":[64],"variance":[67],"fractal":[68,81],"dimension":[69],"trajectory":[70],"(VFDTv2)":[71],"used":[73,112],"extract":[75,99],"inherent":[76],"features":[77,102],"from":[78],"stochastic":[80],"input":[82,93],"data.":[83],"discrete":[85],"wavelet":[86],"transform":[87],"(DWT)":[88],"applied":[90],"data":[94,104,114],"VFDTv2":[97],"significant":[100],"distinguishing":[101],"during":[103],"pre-processing.":[105],"support":[107],"vector":[108],"machine":[109],"(SVM)":[110],"post-processing.":[115],"The":[116],"implementation":[117],"detected":[118],"with":[122],"87.35%":[123],"accuracy.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T06:19:23.411458","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
