{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2395127317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijavet.2016010104","title":"Implications of Higher Education on Earnings","display_name":"Implications of Higher Education on Earnings","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2395127317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijavet.2016010104","mag":"2395127317"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijavet.2016010104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijavet.2016010104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184484481","display_name":"International Journal of Adult Vocational Education and Technology","issn_l":"1947-8607","issn":["1947-8607","1947-878X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Adult Vocational Education and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025235984","display_name":"Belle Selene Xia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Belle Selene Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics and HECER, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics and HECER, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081796069","display_name":"Elia Liiti\u00e4inen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323065761","display_name":"Statistics Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/01n1rg855","country_code":"FI","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323065761"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elia Liiti\u00e4inen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323065761","https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025235984"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0266,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87161142,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"50","last_page":"64"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11779","display_name":"Higher Education and Employability","score":0.9704999923706055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11959","display_name":"Employment and Welfare Studies","score":0.9398000240325928,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earnings","display_name":"Earnings","score":0.798588216304779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competence","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","score":0.6607070565223694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education","display_name":"Higher education","score":0.5451842546463013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.48642492294311523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.46771708130836487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.4349152445793152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy","display_name":"Pedagogy","score":0.3779466450214386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.3346419036388397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education","display_name":"Medical education","score":0.3238946795463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.2404748797416687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accounting","display_name":"Accounting","score":0.20371219515800476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.16688573360443115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"Economic growth","score":0.14069512486457825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.08808758854866028}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781426361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5326940","display_name":"Earnings","level":2,"score":0.798588216304779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.6607070565223694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.5451842546463013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.48642492294311523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.46771708130836487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4349152445793152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3779466450214386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3346419036388397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.3238946795463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2404748797416687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.20371219515800476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.16688573360443115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.14069512486457825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.08808758854866028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijavet.2016010104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijavet.2016010104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184484481","display_name":"International Journal of Adult Vocational Education and Technology","issn_l":"1947-8607","issn":["1947-8607","1947-878X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Adult Vocational Education and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:javet0:v:7:y:2016:i:1:p:50-64","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/IJAVET.2016010104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490571554","https://openalex.org/W1508713417","https://openalex.org/W1527945488","https://openalex.org/W1580444207","https://openalex.org/W1586550033","https://openalex.org/W1967705209","https://openalex.org/W1992746671","https://openalex.org/W1996046340","https://openalex.org/W2012346807","https://openalex.org/W2038681420","https://openalex.org/W2050419204","https://openalex.org/W2053316845","https://openalex.org/W2053568435","https://openalex.org/W2060612016","https://openalex.org/W2084943577","https://openalex.org/W2088900401","https://openalex.org/W2133373240","https://openalex.org/W2158372729","https://openalex.org/W2169160160","https://openalex.org/W3021840531","https://openalex.org/W3121220706","https://openalex.org/W3123338624","https://openalex.org/W3123465812","https://openalex.org/W3124601770"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W3159035462","https://openalex.org/W2132333037","https://openalex.org/W4235708563","https://openalex.org/W4321352703","https://openalex.org/W2043914659","https://openalex.org/W1998548828","https://openalex.org/W2026237042","https://openalex.org/W4205557953","https://openalex.org/W4241961425"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"of":[1,8,14,33,54,64,100,147],"the":[2,6,12,28,31,38,52,60,65,69,79,86,98,108,111,117,121,129,145,157,164],"central":[3],"topics":[4],"in":[5,37,59,68,72,120,156],"research":[7,152],"higher":[9,140],"education":[10,17,141],"is":[11],"degree":[13],"match":[15],"between":[16,30,110],"and":[18,35,56,116,124,142,149],"work":[19,39,70,122],"as":[20],"measured":[21],"by":[22,50],"earnings.":[23],"Traditional":[24],"literature":[25],"has":[26],"shown":[27],"correlation":[29],"duration":[32],"studies":[34],"earnings":[36,143],"life.":[40],"The":[41,131],"authors'":[42],"present":[43],"study":[44],"aims":[45],"to":[46,106],"enlarge":[47],"this":[48,77],"scope":[49],"evaluating":[51],"impact":[53],"competence":[55],"skills":[57,66,148,161],"learned":[58,162],"university":[61,88,102],"with":[62,90],"that":[63],"demanded":[67],"life":[71,123],"an":[73],"empirical":[74],"study.":[75],"In":[76],"paper,":[78],"authors":[80,132],"have":[81],"collected":[82],"elementary":[83],"data":[84,99],"from":[85],"Finnish":[87],"graduates":[89,103],"a":[91],"respectively":[92],"high":[93],"response":[94],"rate.":[95],"Consequently,":[96],"using":[97],"these":[101,137],"they":[104],"aim":[105],"demonstrate":[107],"mismatch":[109],"demand":[112,119],"for":[113],"academic":[114],"knowledge":[115],"professional":[118],"draw":[125],"policy":[126],"implications":[127],"on":[128,160],"findings.":[130],"will":[133],"also":[134],"show":[135],"how":[136],"phenomena":[138],"affect":[139],"through":[144],"analysis":[146],"competence.":[150],"New":[151],"opportunities":[153],"are":[154],"opened":[155],"survey":[158],"evidence":[159],"at":[163],"university.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}