{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1968897932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ij3dim.2014070101","title":"Towards a 3D Spatial Urban Energy Modelling Approach","display_name":"Towards a 3D Spatial Urban Energy Modelling Approach","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1968897932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ij3dim.2014070101","mag":"1968897932"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/ij3dim.2014070101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ij3dim.2014070101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193446","display_name":"International Journal of 3-D Information Modeling","issn_l":"2156-1702","issn":["2156-1702","2156-1710"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of 3-D Information Modeling","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012384449","display_name":"Jean-Marie Bahu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148402","display_name":"European Institute for Energy Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04d5k5771","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148402"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Marie Bahu","raw_affiliation_strings":["European Institute for Energy Research (EIFER), Karlsruhe, Germany","[European Institute for Energy Research (EIFER), Karlsruhe, Germany]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Institute for Energy Research (EIFER), Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148402"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[European Institute for Energy Research (EIFER), Karlsruhe, Germany]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148402"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020879953","display_name":"Andreas Koch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9664-8343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148402","display_name":"European Institute for Energy Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04d5k5771","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148402"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Koch","raw_affiliation_strings":["European Institute for Energy Research (EIFER), Karlsruhe, Germany","[European Institute for Energy Research (EIFER), Karlsruhe, Germany]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Institute for Energy Research (EIFER), Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148402"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[European Institute for Energy Research (EIFER), Karlsruhe, Germany]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148402"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039608387","display_name":"Enrique Kremers","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148402","display_name":"European Institute for Energy Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04d5k5771","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148402"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrique Kremers","raw_affiliation_strings":["European Institute for Energy Research (EIFER), Karlsruhe, Germany","[European Institute for Energy Research (EIFER), Karlsruhe, Germany]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Institute for Energy Research (EIFER), Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148402"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[European Institute for Energy Research (EIFER), Karlsruhe, Germany]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148402"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017179147","display_name":"Syed Monjur Murshed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6786-9881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148402","display_name":"European Institute for Energy Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04d5k5771","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148402"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Monjur Murshed","raw_affiliation_strings":["European Institute for Energy Research (EIFER), Karlsruhe, Germany","[European Institute for Energy Research (EIFER), Karlsruhe, Germany]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Institute for Energy Research (EIFER), Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148402"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[European Institute for Energy Research (EIFER), Karlsruhe, Germany]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148402"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012384449"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148402"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.06264681,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95440858,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9828000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9739000201225281,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-city-models","display_name":"3D city models","score":0.7589770555496216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6831057667732239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6715645790100098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.5727213621139526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5398480296134949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-modeling","display_name":"Energy modeling","score":0.5121188163757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.49224820733070374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.48378321528434753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.46351420879364014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-contextual-awareness","display_name":"Spatial contextual awareness","score":0.4522469937801361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-planning","display_name":"Energy planning","score":0.4452306032180786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4431675970554352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.42511361837387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.3868107199668884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-engineering","display_name":"Industrial engineering","score":0.34550026059150696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.3068996071815491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.2961888611316681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.17539238929748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13742926716804504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13615202903747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12083002924919128}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778597888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172169","display_name":"3D city models","level":3,"score":0.7589770555496216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6831057667732239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6715645790100098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.5727213621139526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5398480296134949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780331096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24965464","display_name":"Energy modeling","level":3,"score":0.5121188163757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.49224820733070374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.48378321528434753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.46351420879364014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64754055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574053","display_name":"Spatial contextual awareness","level":2,"score":0.4522469937801361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778834244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5377181","display_name":"Energy planning","level":3,"score":0.4452306032180786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4431675970554352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.42511361837387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.3868107199668884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13736549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420","display_name":"Industrial engineering","level":1,"score":0.34550026059150696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.3068996071815491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.2961888611316681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.17539238929748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13742926716804504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13615202903747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12083002924919128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/ij3dim.2014070101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ij3dim.2014070101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193446","display_name":"International Journal of 3-D Information Modeling","issn_l":"2156-1702","issn":["2156-1702","2156-1710"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of 3-D Information Modeling","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:j3dim0:v:3:y:2014:i:3:p:1-16","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/ij3dim.2014070101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W75796312","https://openalex.org/W118880739","https://openalex.org/W264722012","https://openalex.org/W1490343629","https://openalex.org/W1533901477","https://openalex.org/W1750045059","https://openalex.org/W1903683453","https://openalex.org/W2013486252","https://openalex.org/W2058152242","https://openalex.org/W2074344234","https://openalex.org/W2094128675","https://openalex.org/W2100154710","https://openalex.org/W2145790759","https://openalex.org/W2236192711","https://openalex.org/W2341650152","https://openalex.org/W2542739227","https://openalex.org/W2555618240","https://openalex.org/W2589104035","https://openalex.org/W2751236261","https://openalex.org/W3039715275","https://openalex.org/W4231766988","https://openalex.org/W4239315880","https://openalex.org/W4247659594","https://openalex.org/W4249965688"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2904515370","https://openalex.org/W2982015393","https://openalex.org/W2016309477","https://openalex.org/W1968897932","https://openalex.org/W2017503829","https://openalex.org/W1968916031","https://openalex.org/W2044969722","https://openalex.org/W4388789548","https://openalex.org/W2899024549","https://openalex.org/W1480675522"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Today's":[0],"needs":[1],"to":[2,23,34,79,134,148,245,310],"reduce":[3],"the":[4,64,67,81,85,99,124,150,227,237,251,303,308],"environmental":[5],"impact":[6,68],"of":[7,39,48,51,57,66,69,101,105,126,142,226,263,318],"energy":[8,14,30,107,140,155,188,200,264,274,290,313],"use":[9,275],"impose":[10],"dramatic":[11],"changes":[12],"for":[13,123,194,221,273],"infrastructure":[15],"and":[16,43,62,84,116,138,166,214,224,233,269,284,289],"existing":[17],"demand":[18,108,141],"patterns":[19],"(e.g.":[20,240],"buildings)":[21],"corresponding":[22],"their":[24,215],"specific":[25],"context.":[26],"In":[27],"addition,":[28],"future":[29,60],"systems":[31,61,156,314],"are":[32,164,181],"expected":[33],"integrate":[35,286],"a":[36,45,74],"considerable":[37],"share":[38,47],"fluctuating":[40],"power":[41],"sources":[42],"equally":[44],"high":[46,207,270],"distributed":[49,316],"generation":[50,317],"electricity.":[52],"Energy":[53],"system":[54,189,201,261],"models":[55,131,180,202,213,255,272,306],"capable":[56],"describing":[58],"such":[59],"allowing":[63],"simulation":[65,104,125],"these":[70],"developments":[71],"thus":[72],"require":[73,157],"spatial":[75,222,288],"representation":[76],"in":[77,98,109],"order":[78],"reflect":[80],"local":[82],"context":[83],"boundary":[86],"conditions.":[87],"This":[88],"paper":[89],"describes":[90],"two":[91],"recent":[92],"research":[93],"approaches":[94],"developed":[95,300],"at":[96,276],"EIFER":[97],"fields":[100],"(a)":[102],"geo-localised":[103],"heat":[106,139],"cities":[110,147],"based":[111,301],"on":[112,231,302],"3D":[113,129,185,211,254],"morphological":[114],"data":[115,209],"(b)":[117],"spatially":[118,182,232],"explicit":[119],"Agent-Based":[120],"Models":[121],"(ABM)":[122],"smart":[127,173],"grids.":[128],"city":[130,212],"were":[132,176],"used":[133],"assess":[135],"solar":[136],"potential":[137,309],"residential":[143],"buildings":[144],"which":[145],"enable":[146],"target":[149],"building":[151],"refurbishment":[152],"potentials.":[153],"Distributed":[154],"innovative":[158],"modelling":[159,281,295],"techniques":[160],"where":[161,178],"individual":[162],"components":[163],"represented":[165],"can":[167,203,256],"interact.":[168],"With":[169],"this":[170],"approach,":[171],"several":[172],"grid":[174],"demonstrators":[175],"simulated,":[177],"heterogeneous":[179],"represented.":[183],"Coupling":[184],"geodata":[186],"with":[187,206,229,320],"ABMs":[190],"holds":[191,307],"different":[192,238],"advantages":[193],"both":[195],"approaches.":[196,292],"On":[197,250],"one":[198],"hand,":[199,253],"be":[204,299],"enhanced":[205],"resolution":[208,271],"from":[210,258],"semantic":[216],"relations.":[217],"Furthermore,":[218],"they":[219],"allow":[220],"analysis":[223],"visualisation":[225],"results,":[228],"emphasis":[230],"structurally":[234],"correlations":[235],"among":[236],"layers":[239],"infrastructure,":[241,265],"buildings,":[242],"administrative":[243],"zones)":[244],"provide":[246],"an":[247],"integrated":[248],"approach.":[249],"other":[252],"benefit":[257],"more":[259],"detailed":[260],"description":[262],"representing":[266],"dynamic":[267],"phenomena":[268],"component":[277],"level.":[278],"The":[279,293],"proposed":[280],"strategies":[282],"conceptually":[283],"practically":[285],"urban":[287],"planning":[291],"combined":[294],"approach":[296],"that":[297],"will":[298],"described":[304],"sectorial":[305],"represent":[311],"hybrid":[312],"coupling":[315],"electricity":[319],"thermal":[321],"conversion":[322],"systems.":[323]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-09T09:26:11.010843","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
