{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7168944234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v22i07.61213","title":"DWL-ICA: End-to-End Adaptive ICA Weighting for EEG-Based Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury Classification","display_name":"DWL-ICA: End-to-End Adaptive ICA Weighting for EEG-Based Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury Classification","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7168944234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v22i07.61213"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3991/ijoe.v22i07.61213","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v22i07.61213","pdf_url":"https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-joe/article/download/61213/17340","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211237","display_name":"International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE)","issn_l":"2626-8493","issn":["2626-8493"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-joe/article/download/61213/17340","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141003438","display_name":"Jialu Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jialu Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003633804","display_name":"Norwati Mustapha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norwati Mustapha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086723698","display_name":"Razali Yaakob","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8228-5753"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Razali Bin Yaakob","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014370300","display_name":"Noridayu Manshor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5188-3793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noridayu Binti Manshor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"],"apc_list":{"value":290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":312},"apc_paid":{"value":290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":312},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9227031,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"07","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9133999943733215,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9133999943733215,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10416","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Research","score":0.0357000008225441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.006399999838322401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.7343000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.695900022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-component-analysis","display_name":"Independent component analysis","score":0.6692000031471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artifact","display_name":"Artifact (error)","score":0.5889000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.48539999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traumatic-brain-injury","display_name":"Traumatic brain injury","score":0.4510999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.420199990272522}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.7343000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.695900022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51432778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259145","display_name":"Independent component analysis","level":2,"score":0.6692000031471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6385999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720909","display_name":"Artifact (error)","level":2,"score":0.5889000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5651999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.48539999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781017439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1995526","display_name":"Traumatic brain injury","level":2,"score":0.4510999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.420199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.39750000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3458999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.32739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780645631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","level":2,"score":0.3188000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.27129998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58693492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q551875","display_name":"Neuroimaging","level":2,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.2547000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102248274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168388","display_name":"Adaptive filter","level":2,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3991/ijoe.v22i07.61213","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v22i07.61213","pdf_url":"https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-joe/article/download/61213/17340","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211237","display_name":"International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE)","issn_l":"2626-8493","issn":["2626-8493"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE)","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3991/ijoe.v22i07.61213","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v22i07.61213","pdf_url":"https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-joe/article/download/61213/17340","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211237","display_name":"International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE)","issn_l":"2626-8493","issn":["2626-8493"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7168944234.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7168944234.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"EEG-based":[1],"neurological":[2,87],"disease":[3],"classification":[4],"typically":[5],"relies":[6],"on":[7,77],"binary":[8],"Independent":[9],"Component":[10],"Analysis":[11],"(ICA)":[12],"artifact":[13],"removal,":[14],"discarding":[15],"all":[16],"non-brain":[17],"physiological":[18,70,185],"signals":[19,71,186],"under":[20],"the":[21,78,155],"assumption":[22],"that":[23,40,154,184],"they":[24],"lack":[25],"diagnostic":[26,193],"value.":[27],"This":[28],"study":[29],"proposes":[30],"Dynamic":[31],"Weight":[32],"Learner":[33],"(DWL)":[34],"DWL-ICA,":[35],"an":[36,104,144],"end-to-end":[37,141],"trainable":[38],"framework":[39],"learns":[41],"adaptive":[42,120],"ICA":[43,61,110],"component":[44,62],"weighting":[45,121],"for":[46,59,206],"stroke":[47],"and":[48,100,139,176,199],"traumatic":[49],"brain":[50],"injury":[51],"(TBI)":[52],"classification.":[53],"The":[54,167,195],"DWL":[55],"generates":[56],"sample-adaptive":[57],"weights":[58,169],"seven":[60],"categories,":[63],"enabling":[64],"selective":[65],"preservation":[66],"of":[67],"diagnostically":[68],"informative":[69],"while":[72],"suppressing":[73],"true":[74],"noise.":[75],"Evaluated":[76],"TUH-EEG":[79],"three-class":[80],"benchmark":[81],"dataset\u2014the":[82],"only":[83],"publicly":[84],"available":[85],"multi-class":[86],"disorder":[88],"EEG":[89,212],"dataset":[90],"comprising":[91],"9,276":[92],"labeled":[93],"segments\u2014":[94],"DWL-ICA":[95],"achieved":[96],"0.95":[97],"macro-average":[98],"ROC\u2013AUC":[99],"83%":[101],"accuracy,":[102],"representing":[103],"11-point":[105],"improvement":[106],"over":[107],"conventional":[108],"static":[109],"preprocessing":[111,157],"(0.84":[112],"baseline).":[113],"Controlled":[114],"ablation":[115],"experiments":[116],"decomposed":[117],"this":[118],"gain:":[119],"contributes":[122],"4":[123],"points":[124,134],"(improving":[125],"from":[126],"0.84":[127,136],"to":[128,137,151,162,173],"0.88),":[129],"TMN":[130],"features":[131],"contribute":[132],"5":[133],"(from":[135,149],"0.89),":[138],"joint":[140],"optimization":[142],"yields":[143],"additional":[145],"2-point":[146],"synergistic":[147],"gain":[148],"0.93":[150],"0.95),":[152],"demonstrating":[153,183],"learned":[156,168],"strategy":[158],"is":[159],"specifically":[160],"tailored":[161],"exploit":[163],"TMN\u2019s":[164],"spatial-frequency":[165],"representation.":[166],"assigned":[170],"moderate":[171],"importance":[172],"Heart":[174],"(0.60)":[175],"Eye":[177],"(0.47)":[178],"components":[179],"without":[180],"explicit":[181],"regularization,":[182],"traditionally":[187],"treated":[188],"as":[189],"artifacts":[190],"contain":[191],"meaningful":[192],"information.":[194],"framework\u2019s":[196],"computational":[197],"efficiency":[198],"flexible":[200],"deployment":[201],"options":[202],"make":[203],"it":[204],"suitable":[205],"real-time":[207],"clinical":[208],"applications,":[209],"including":[210],"portable":[211],"devices":[213],"in":[214],"resource-limited":[215],"settings.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-18T05:51:51.687321","created_date":"2026-07-17T00:00:00"}
