{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311701718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v18i15.33689","title":"Transfer Learning in Keratoconus Classification","display_name":"Transfer Learning in Keratoconus Classification","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311701718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v18i15.33689"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3991/ijoe.v18i15.33689","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v18i15.33689","pdf_url":"https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-joe/article/download/33689/12349","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211237","display_name":"International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE)","issn_l":"2626-8493","issn":["2626-8493"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-joe/article/download/33689/12349","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045601385","display_name":"Mustapha Aatila","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4330-4579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125507","display_name":"Chouaib Doukkali University","ror":"https://ror.org/036kgyt43","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125507"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mustapha Aatila","raw_affiliation_strings":["LTI laboratory, ENSA, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida 1166, Morocco"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LTI laboratory, ENSA, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida 1166, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045271872","display_name":"Mohamed Lachgar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6155-3309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125507","display_name":"Chouaib Doukkali University","ror":"https://ror.org/036kgyt43","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125507"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Lachgar","raw_affiliation_strings":["LTI laboratory, ENSA, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida 1166, Morocco"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LTI laboratory, ENSA, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida 1166, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030578648","display_name":"Hamid Hrimech","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3980-1214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145365","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Hassan 1er","ror":"https://ror.org/03cdvht47","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145365"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamid Hrimech","raw_affiliation_strings":["Analysis and Modeling of Systems and Decision Support Laboratory, ENSA of Berrechid, Hassan 1er University of Settat, Berrechid 218, Morocco"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Analysis and Modeling of Systems and Decision Support Laboratory, ENSA of Berrechid, Hassan 1er University of Settat, Berrechid 218, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145365"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030456862","display_name":"Ali Kartit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3472-1151"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125507","display_name":"Chouaib Doukkali University","ror":"https://ror.org/036kgyt43","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125507"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Kartit","raw_affiliation_strings":["LTI laboratory, ENSA, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida 1166, Morocco"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LTI laboratory, ENSA, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida 1166, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125507"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045601385"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125507"],"apc_list":{"value":290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":312},"apc_paid":{"value":290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":312},"fwci":0.4292,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62161623,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"15","first_page":"43","last_page":"58"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10563","display_name":"Corneal surgery and disorders","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10563","display_name":"Corneal surgery and disorders","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10997","display_name":"Ocular Surface and Contact Lens","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keratoconus","display_name":"Keratoconus","score":0.9405336976051331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7490223050117493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.7250596284866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6918922662734985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.6685138940811157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6433349847793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5536026358604431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cornea","display_name":"Cornea","score":0.45703163743019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.410776823759079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.25858354568481445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.16641753911972046}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778918178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q611984","display_name":"Keratoconus","level":3,"score":0.9405336976051331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7490223050117493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.7250596284866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6918922662734985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.6685138940811157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6433349847793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5536026358604431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776882836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168291","display_name":"Cornea","level":2,"score":0.45703163743019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.410776823759079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.25858354568481445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.16641753911972046}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3991/ijoe.v18i15.33689","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v18i15.33689","pdf_url":"https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-joe/article/download/33689/12349","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211237","display_name":"International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE)","issn_l":"2626-8493","issn":["2626-8493"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE)","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:192635d5a5984a469003a20ab99a1cd1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/192635d5a5984a469003a20ab99a1cd1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering, Vol 18, Iss 15 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3991/ijoe.v18i15.33689","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v18i15.33689","pdf_url":"https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-joe/article/download/33689/12349","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211237","display_name":"International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE)","issn_l":"2626-8493","issn":["2626-8493"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311701718.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311701718.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2598233371","https://openalex.org/W2800691917","https://openalex.org/W2911600747","https://openalex.org/W2946948417","https://openalex.org/W2948607806","https://openalex.org/W2954996726","https://openalex.org/W2955425717","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2972687873","https://openalex.org/W3007318955","https://openalex.org/W3013712174","https://openalex.org/W3032812881","https://openalex.org/W3034308373","https://openalex.org/W3045594053","https://openalex.org/W3049250628","https://openalex.org/W3089076379","https://openalex.org/W3115529631","https://openalex.org/W3150182420","https://openalex.org/W3172357363","https://openalex.org/W3200173025","https://openalex.org/W3212209671","https://openalex.org/W4212763652","https://openalex.org/W4213376892","https://openalex.org/W4220845814","https://openalex.org/W4245355139","https://openalex.org/W4297795862","https://openalex.org/W4390893404","https://openalex.org/W4392145873","https://openalex.org/W6725739302","https://openalex.org/W6754359508"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965328213","https://openalex.org/W1593460714","https://openalex.org/W2064177132","https://openalex.org/W2090387971","https://openalex.org/W3183901164","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3176438653","https://openalex.org/W3135818718","https://openalex.org/W4290188444","https://openalex.org/W3003905048"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Early":[0],"detection":[1],"of":[2,18,24,79,95,122,140,161,181],"keratoconus":[3,25,33,154,182],"will":[4],"provide":[5],"more":[6],"treatment":[7],"choices,":[8],"avoid":[9],"heavy":[10],"treatments,":[11],"and":[12,57,76,134,153,163,167],"help":[13],"stop":[14],"the":[15,19,48,118,144],"rapid":[16],"progression":[17],"disease.":[20],"Unlike":[21],"traditional":[22],"methods":[23],"classification,":[26],"this":[27],"study":[28],"presents":[29],"a":[30,108],"machine":[31],"learning-based":[32],"classification":[34,60,145,159,183],"approach,":[35],"using":[36,64],"transfer":[37,174],"learning,":[38],"applied":[39],"on":[40,86],"corneal":[41,50,97,101,123],"topographic":[42,98,102],"images.":[43,99,138],"Classification":[44],"is":[45,61,83],"performed":[46],"considering":[47],"three":[49],"classes":[51],"already":[52],"cited":[53],":":[54],"normal,":[55],"suspicious":[56,152],"keratoconus.":[58],"Keratoconus":[59],"carried":[62],"out":[63],"six":[65],"pretrained":[66],"convolutional":[67],"neural":[68],"networks":[69],"(CNN)":[70],"VGG16,":[71],"InceptionV3,":[72],"MobileNet,":[73],"DenseNet201,":[74],"Xception":[75],"EfficientNetB0.":[77],"Each":[78],"these":[80],"different":[81,88,115,129],"classifiers":[82],"trained":[84],"individually":[85],"five":[87,128],"datasets,":[89],"generated":[90],"from":[91,137],"an":[92],"original":[93],"dataset":[94],"2924":[96],"Original":[100],"images":[103],"have":[104],"been":[105],"subjected":[106],"to":[107],"special":[109],"preprocessing":[110],"before":[111],"their":[112],"use":[113],"by":[114,165],"models":[116,141],"in":[117,127,143],"learning":[119,175],"phase.":[120],"Images":[121],"maps":[124],"are":[125],"separated":[126],"datasets":[130],"while":[131],"removing":[132],"noise":[133],"textual":[135],"annotation":[136],"Most":[139],"used":[142],"allow":[146],"good":[147],"discrimination":[148],"between":[149],"normal":[150],"cornea,":[151],"one.":[155],"Obtained":[156,170],"results":[157,171],"reached":[158],"accuracy":[160],"99.31%":[162],"98.51%":[164],"DenseNet201":[166],"VGG16":[168],"respectively.":[169],"indicate":[172],"that":[173],"technique":[176],"could":[177],"well":[178],"improve":[179],"performance":[180],"systems.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}