{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415990658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v19i21.57247","title":"Emotion-Aware and Context-Driven Mobile Game-Based Learning: A Machine Learning Approach","display_name":"Emotion-Aware and Context-Driven Mobile Game-Based Learning: A Machine Learning Approach","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415990658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v19i21.57247"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3991/ijim.v19i21.57247","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v19i21.57247","pdf_url":"https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/download/57247/16683","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177413","display_name":"International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)","issn_l":"1865-7923","issn":["1865-7923"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313744","host_organization_name":"kassel university press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313744"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["kassel university press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/download/57247/16683","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088380487","display_name":"Aiman M. Ayyal Awwad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1378-8381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114432678","display_name":"Tafila Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jzmk773","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114432678"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aiman M. Ayyal Awwad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tafila Technical University, Tafila, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1378-8381","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tafila Technical University, Tafila, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114432678"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088380487"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114432678"],"apc_list":{"value":260,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":280},"apc_paid":{"value":260,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":280},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.32566024,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"21","first_page":"4","last_page":"33"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.501800000667572,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.501800000667572,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11370","display_name":"Mobile Learning in Education","score":0.11720000207424164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.065700002014637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalization","display_name":"Personalization","score":0.6948000192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.6383000016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sadness","display_name":"Sadness","score":0.6025999784469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.47110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disgust","display_name":"Disgust","score":0.4503999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anger","display_name":"Anger","score":0.44670000672340393}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.6948000192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6783000230789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.6383000016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779812673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169251","display_name":"Sadness","level":3,"score":0.6025999784469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.5267999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.47110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777375102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208351","display_name":"Disgust","level":3,"score":0.4503999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779302386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79871","display_name":"Anger","level":2,"score":0.44670000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40689998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.36469998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780020885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352444","display_name":"Adaptive hypermedia","level":3,"score":0.35260000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3472000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.3425000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194519906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7627827","display_name":"Student engagement","level":2,"score":0.33230000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.3093000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125014702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680749","display_name":"Adaptive learning","level":2,"score":0.29809999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.27059999108314514}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3991/ijim.v19i21.57247","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v19i21.57247","pdf_url":"https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/download/57247/16683","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177413","display_name":"International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)","issn_l":"1865-7923","issn":["1865-7923"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313744","host_organization_name":"kassel university press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313744"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["kassel university press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3991/ijim.v19i21.57247","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v19i21.57247","pdf_url":"https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/download/57247/16683","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177413","display_name":"International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)","issn_l":"1865-7923","issn":["1865-7923"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313744","host_organization_name":"kassel university press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313744"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["kassel university press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415990658.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mobile":[0],"learning":[1,28,37,64,76,266],"has":[2],"transformed":[3],"the":[4,66,75,79,98,110,132,139,162,177,214,218,240],"way":[5],"educational":[6,46,99],"content":[7,47],"is":[8],"delivered,":[9],"enabling":[10],"learners":[11,86],"to":[12,48,70,161],"access":[13],"materials":[14],"anytime":[15],"and":[16,25,52,59,73,94,120,152,181,200,204,224,231,264],"anywhere":[17],"through":[18,62],"portable":[19],"devices.":[20],"This":[21],"flexibility":[22],"enhances":[23],"engagement":[24,51,137,203],"supports":[26],"personalized":[27],"experiences.":[29],"Therefore,":[30],"this":[31,174],"paper":[32],"proposes":[33],"a":[34,82,145,153,168],"mobile":[35],"game-based":[36],"(GBL)":[38],"framework":[39],"that":[40,104,190,213,255],"integrates":[41],"engaging":[42],"gaming":[43],"elements":[44],"with":[45,91,131,227,251],"promote":[49],"learner":[50,202],"motivation.":[53],"By":[54],"incorporating":[55],"emotion,":[56],"eye":[57],"gaze,":[58],"context-driven":[60,182,244],"adaptation":[61,183,245],"machine":[63],"techniques,":[65],"proposed":[67],"approach":[68],"aims":[69],"enhance":[71],"personalization":[72],"optimize":[74],"experience.":[77],"In":[78,123],"experimental":[80,142],"study,":[81],"small":[83],"group":[84,143,216,220],"of":[85,97,106,126,179,242],"aged":[87],"8\u201313":[88],"engaged":[89],"sequentially":[90],"both":[92],"non-adaptive":[93,111,219],"adaptive":[95,133,191,215,257],"versions":[96],"game.":[100],"Emotional":[101],"analysis":[102,250],"revealed":[103,212],"70%":[105],"observed":[107],"responses":[108,197],"during":[109],"gameplay":[112,192],"were":[113],"negative,":[114],"including":[115],"anger":[116],"(30%),":[117],"sadness":[118],"(10%),":[119],"disgust":[121],"(30%).":[122],"contrast,":[124],"80%":[125],"participants":[127],"reported":[128],"greater":[129],"satisfaction":[130,205],"version,":[134],"citing":[135],"improved":[136,201],"as":[138],"reason.":[140],"The":[141,187],"demonstrated":[144],"15%":[146],"higher":[147],"improvement":[148],"in":[149,156,173,184,221,246],"quiz":[150,222],"scores":[151,223],"20%":[154],"reduction":[155],"task":[157,225],"completion":[158],"time":[159],"compared":[160],"control":[163],"group,":[164],"which":[165],"showed":[166,189],"only":[167],"10%":[169],"improvement.":[170],"Experiments":[171],"conducted":[172],"study":[175],"demonstrate":[176],"effectiveness":[178],"emotion-":[180],"GBL":[185,247,258],"environments.":[186,248],"results":[188],"significantly":[193],"reduced":[194],"negative":[195,260],"emotional":[196],"by":[198,262,268],"50%":[199,263],"(Cohen\u2019s":[206,235],"d":[207,236],">":[208,237],"1.2).":[209],"It":[210],"also":[211],"outperformed":[217],"efficiency,":[226],"statistically":[228],"significant":[229],"gains":[230],"large":[232],"effect":[233],"sizes":[234],"1.7),":[238],"highlighting":[239],"efficacy":[241],"emotion-and":[243],"Comparative":[249],"prior":[252],"studies":[253],"confirms":[254],"emotion-aware":[256],"reduces":[259],"effects":[261],"improves":[265],"outcomes":[267],"15\u201320%.":[269]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-11-07T00:00:00"}