{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402135419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3934/nhm.2024039","title":"Optimal policy for control of epidemics with constrained time intervals and region-based interactions","display_name":"Optimal policy for control of epidemics with constrained time intervals and region-based interactions","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402135419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3934/nhm.2024039"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3934/nhm.2024039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/nhm.2024039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S21752972","display_name":"Networks and Heterogeneous Media","issn_l":"1556-1801","issn":["1556-1801","1556-181X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315844","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Mathematical Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315844"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Mathematical Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Networks and Heterogeneous Media","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/nhm.2024039","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100445622","display_name":"Xia Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3050-8529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xia Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics University of California, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics University of California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090707978","display_name":"Andrea L. Bertozzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0396-7391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea L. Bertozzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Mathematics and Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Mathematics and Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080042065","display_name":"P. Jeffrey Brantingham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1079-0053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Jeffrey Brantingham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038669899","display_name":"Yevgeniy Vorobeychik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2471-5345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yevgeniy Vorobeychik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Washington University in St. Louis, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Washington University in St. Louis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2998,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51751244,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"2","first_page":"867","last_page":"886"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10167","display_name":"Influenza Virus Research Studies","score":0.9787999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10482","display_name":"Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models","score":0.9415000081062317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.5084656476974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4859136641025543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4398892819881439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.40927523374557495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.4060167074203491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3381362557411194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12199443578720093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.5084656476974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4859136641025543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4398892819881439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.40927523374557495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.4060167074203491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3381362557411194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12199443578720093}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3934/nhm.2024039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/nhm.2024039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S21752972","display_name":"Networks and Heterogeneous Media","issn_l":"1556-1801","issn":["1556-1801","1556-181X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315844","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Mathematical Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315844"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Mathematical Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Networks and Heterogeneous Media","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:ark:/13030/qt8wd5b879","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7826692a7bab404db7f1288f466db050","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7826692a7bab404db7f1288f466db050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Networks and Heterogeneous Media, Vol 19, Iss 2, Pp 867-886 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8wd5b879","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8wd5b879","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Networks and Heterogeneous Media, vol 19, iss 2","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3934/nhm.2024039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/nhm.2024039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S21752972","display_name":"Networks and Heterogeneous Media","issn_l":"1556-1801","issn":["1556-1801","1556-181X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315844","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Mathematical Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315844"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Mathematical Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Networks and Heterogeneous Media","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993397183","https://openalex.org/W2020626350","https://openalex.org/W2106109507","https://openalex.org/W2126175245","https://openalex.org/W2159064890","https://openalex.org/W2183446018","https://openalex.org/W2313132732","https://openalex.org/W2492311933","https://openalex.org/W2534652523","https://openalex.org/W2888377253","https://openalex.org/W2963559990","https://openalex.org/W3008443627","https://openalex.org/W3026175677","https://openalex.org/W3100630288","https://openalex.org/W3111382182","https://openalex.org/W3126819684","https://openalex.org/W3159417483","https://openalex.org/W3194539975","https://openalex.org/W4252394414","https://openalex.org/W4280575355"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W1979597421","https://openalex.org/W2007980826","https://openalex.org/W2061531152","https://openalex.org/W3002753104","https://openalex.org/W2077600819","https://openalex.org/W2142036596","https://openalex.org/W2072657027","https://openalex.org/W2600246793","https://openalex.org/W2086351220"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"&lt;p&gt;We":[0],"introduce":[1],"a":[2,57,84,103,109,148,156,165,186,215,224],"policy":[3,51,63,79,152,163],"model":[4,12],"coupled":[5],"with":[6,56,221],"the":[7,19,50,98,118,124,130,134,139,161,172,179,191,202,206],"susceptible\u2013infected-":[8],"recovered":[9],"(SIR)":[10],"epidemic":[11,132],"to":[13,123],"study":[14,111,188,214],"interactions":[15,34,40],"between":[16],"policy-making":[17],"and":[18,38,127,222],"dynamics":[20],"of":[21,89,100,112,138,189,208,217],"epidemics.":[22],"We":[23,47,106],"considered":[24],"both":[25],"single-region":[26],"policies":[27,67],"as":[28,30,44,129],"well":[29],"game-theoretic":[31],"models":[32],"involving":[33],"among":[35,41],"several":[36],"regions":[37],"hierarchical":[39],"policy-makers":[42],"modeled":[43],"multi-layer":[45,101],"games.":[46],"assumed":[48],"that":[49,66,87,116,137],"functions":[52],"are":[53],"piece-wise":[54],"constant":[55],"minimum":[58,151],"time":[59,72,153,158],"interval":[60],"for":[61,147],"each":[62],"stage,":[64],"considering":[65],"cannot":[68],"change":[69],"frequently":[70],"in":[71,97,108,114,142,205],"or":[73],"be":[74],"easily":[75],"followed.":[76],"The":[77],"optimal":[78,140,162],"was":[80,199],"obtained":[81],"by":[82],"minimizing":[83],"cost":[85,119,126],"function":[86,120],"consists":[88],"an":[90,93],"implementation":[91],"cost,":[92,95],"impact":[94,125],"and,":[96],"case":[99,110,216],"games,":[102],"non-compliance":[104],"cost.":[105],"show,":[107],"COVID-19":[113,180],"France,":[115],"when":[117],"is":[121,164],"reduced":[122],"parameterized":[128],"final":[131],"size,":[133],"solution":[135],"approximates":[136],"control":[141],"Bliman":[143],"et":[144],"al,":[145],"(2021)":[146],"sufficiently":[149],"small":[150],"interval.":[154],"For":[155],"larger":[157],"interval,":[159],"however,":[160],"step":[166,173],"down":[167],"function,":[168],"quite":[169],"different":[170],"from":[171],"up":[174],"structure":[175],"typically":[176],"deployed":[177],"during":[178,201],"pandemic.":[181],"In":[182],"addition,":[183],"we":[184,213],"present":[185],"counterfactual":[187],"how":[190],"pandemic":[192],"would":[193],"have":[194],"evolved":[195],"if":[196],"herd":[197],"immunity":[198],"reached":[200],"second":[203],"wave":[204],"county":[207],"Los":[209],"Angeles,":[210],"California.":[211],"Finally,":[212],"three":[218],"interacting":[219],"counties":[220],"without":[223],"governing":[225],"state.&lt;/p&gt;":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-17T09:13:05.818461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
