{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2527174073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-005170555","title":"Liveness checking as safety checking to find shortest counterexamples to linear time properties","display_name":"Liveness checking as safety checking to find shortest counterexamples to linear time properties","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2527174073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-005170555","mag":"2527174073"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research-collection.ethz.ch:20.500.11850/149210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/149210","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/149210","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402302","display_name":"Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","host_organization_name":"ETH Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},"type":"dissertation","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/149210","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085739836","display_name":"Viktor Schuppan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5638-3678"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Schuppan, Viktor","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085739836"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liveness","display_name":"Liveness","score":0.9264083504676819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reachability","display_name":"Reachability","score":0.8124455213546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-checking","display_name":"Model checking","score":0.7816431522369385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6055446267127991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-space","display_name":"State space","score":0.5561992526054382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kripke-structure","display_name":"Kripke structure","score":0.5004403591156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterexample","display_name":"Counterexample","score":0.47483760118484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.45855918526649475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reachability-problem","display_name":"Reachability problem","score":0.44997817277908325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.437260240316391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.41960012912750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-logic","display_name":"Temporal logic","score":0.4131927192211151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3917926549911499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.2917903661727905}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15569618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3561421","display_name":"Liveness","level":2,"score":0.9264083504676819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136643341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361526","display_name":"Reachability","level":2,"score":0.8124455213546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110251889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569697","display_name":"Model checking","level":2,"score":0.7816431522369385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6055446267127991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72434380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230930","display_name":"State space","level":2,"score":0.5561992526054382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161913894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1077740","display_name":"Kripke structure","level":3,"score":0.5004403591156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162838799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q596077","display_name":"Counterexample","level":2,"score":0.47483760118484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.45855918526649475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777669093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141570","display_name":"Reachability problem","level":3,"score":0.44997817277908325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.437260240316391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.41960012912750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25016198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q781833","display_name":"Temporal logic","level":2,"score":0.4131927192211151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3917926549911499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.2917903661727905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research-collection.ethz.ch:20.500.11850/149210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/149210","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/149210","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402302","display_name":"Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","host_organization_name":"ETH Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.210.5375","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.210.5375","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.3929/ethz-a-005170555","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-005170555","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051236","display_name":"ETH Z\u00fcrich Research Collection","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"thesis"},{"id":"mag:2527174073","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.schuppan.de/viktor/VSchuppan-PhD-2006.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research-collection.ethz.ch:20.500.11850/149210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/149210","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/149210","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402302","display_name":"Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","host_organization_name":"ETH Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2527174073.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2527174073.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":208,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W21673769","https://openalex.org/W36240330","https://openalex.org/W83959626","https://openalex.org/W85177704","https://openalex.org/W122407544","https://openalex.org/W143291542","https://openalex.org/W187081080","https://openalex.org/W430052782","https://openalex.org/W1480531236","https://openalex.org/W1482875841","https://openalex.org/W1484942078","https://openalex.org/W1489227129","https://openalex.org/W1489260687","https://openalex.org/W1489391022","https://openalex.org/W1490969264","https://openalex.org/W1491036809","https://openalex.org/W1491037212","https://openalex.org/W1491593738","https://openalex.org/W1495266209","https://openalex.org/W1497058589","https://openalex.org/W1497571013","https://openalex.org/W1501731334","https://openalex.org/W1502392458","https://openalex.org/W1503170978","https://openalex.org/W1503206383","https://openalex.org/W1503537039","https://openalex.org/W1504438699","https://openalex.org/W1505315292","https://openalex.org/W1507116188","https://openalex.org/W1510368738","https://openalex.org/W1511206757","https://openalex.org/W1511234963","https://openalex.org/W1511336169","https://openalex.org/W1512185023","https://openalex.org/W1513300473","https://openalex.org/W1514446453","https://openalex.org/W1516806823","https://openalex.org/W1517173520","https://openalex.org/W1518705996","https://openalex.org/W1523041988","https://openalex.org/W1526456721","https://openalex.org/W1526786777","https://openalex.org/W1528291435","https://openalex.org/W1529461858","https://openalex.org/W1535375892","https://openalex.org/W1537551095","https://openalex.org/W1537651185","https://openalex.org/W1539432158","https://openalex.org/W1539457702","https://openalex.org/W1540223539","https://openalex.org/W1540883472","https://openalex.org/W1541411615","https://openalex.org/W1544459976","https://openalex.org/W1546022948","https://openalex.org/W1546220007","https://openalex.org/W1548402307","https://openalex.org/W1549122259","https://openalex.org/W1550083490","https://openalex.org/W1552641502","https://openalex.org/W1555875814","https://openalex.org/W1557079643","https://openalex.org/W1559035930","https://openalex.org/W1560050980","https://openalex.org/W1573354578","https://openalex.org/W1574887629","https://openalex.org/W1576210790","https://openalex.org/W1578895382","https://openalex.org/W1582385421","https://openalex.org/W1583487553","https://openalex.org/W1589224558","https://openalex.org/W1589336320","https://openalex.org/W1591643794","https://openalex.org/W1593428110","https://openalex.org/W1605593319","https://openalex.org/W1607782211","https://openalex.org/W1612453857","https://openalex.org/W1740522204","https://openalex.org/W1787074469","https://openalex.org/W1805536084","https://openalex.org/W1816620374","https://openalex.org/W1820192350","https://openalex.org/W1822320350","https://openalex.org/W1836625149","https://openalex.org/W1840276337","https://openalex.org/W1857396602","https://openalex.org/W1860772589","https://openalex.org/W1861590051","https://openalex.org/W1868260891","https://openalex.org/W1881102326","https://openalex.org/W1888172192","https://openalex.org/W1905205673","https://openalex.org/W1934074768","https://openalex.org/W1943502734","https://openalex.org/W1962072139","https://openalex.org/W1964090662","https://openalex.org/W1964727056","https://openalex.org/W1965309410","https://openalex.org/W1967669950","https://openalex.org/W1968448471","https://openalex.org/W1968898611","https://openalex.org/W1970577612","https://openalex.org/W1971949385","https://openalex.org/W1974817955","https://openalex.org/W1975657455","https://openalex.org/W1976773489","https://openalex.org/W1982129592","https://openalex.org/W1984478483","https://openalex.org/W1986558678","https://openalex.org/W1988808695","https://openalex.org/W1990609140","https://openalex.org/W2000947342","https://openalex.org/W2001289891","https://openalex.org/W2001859357","https://openalex.org/W2002789815","https://openalex.org/W2003227046","https://openalex.org/W2004306067","https://openalex.org/W2012935476","https://openalex.org/W2015640848","https://openalex.org/W2019881090","https://openalex.org/W2023808162","https://openalex.org/W2024148935","https://openalex.org/W2024235400","https://openalex.org/W2025835812","https://openalex.org/W2026134631","https://openalex.org/W2030926579","https://openalex.org/W2034797990","https://openalex.org/W2042108411","https://openalex.org/W2043100293","https://openalex.org/W2046239089","https://openalex.org/W2048230495","https://openalex.org/W2055083505","https://openalex.org/W2057037535","https://openalex.org/W2060944709","https://openalex.org/W2061438988","https://openalex.org/W2062458205","https://openalex.org/W2069300761","https://openalex.org/W2073689993","https://openalex.org/W2079680418","https://openalex.org/W2080267935","https://openalex.org/W2080593426","https://openalex.org/W2082000355","https://openalex.org/W2082036629","https://openalex.org/W2086440639","https://openalex.org/W2087252615","https://openalex.org/W2089003125","https://openalex.org/W2090398333","https://openalex.org/W2092218351","https://openalex.org/W2096307462","https://openalex.org/W2096698163","https://openalex.org/W2098171268","https://openalex.org/W2100112273","https://openalex.org/W2101508170","https://openalex.org/W2101936540","https://openalex.org/W2103146530","https://openalex.org/W2103800897","https://openalex.org/W2103904278","https://openalex.org/W2105357036","https://openalex.org/W2107182799","https://openalex.org/W2107470986","https://openalex.org/W2108016168","https://openalex.org/W2110123236","https://openalex.org/W2111654715","https://openalex.org/W2112561088","https://openalex.org/W2114768982","https://openalex.org/W2117189826","https://openalex.org/W2118382442","https://openalex.org/W2120176225","https://openalex.org/W2122061262","https://openalex.org/W2127574686","https://openalex.org/W2127795748","https://openalex.org/W2129538349","https://openalex.org/W2130290065","https://openalex.org/W2131064738","https://openalex.org/W2131101129","https://openalex.org/W2132334337","https://openalex.org/W2137302701","https://openalex.org/W2137661662","https://openalex.org/W2138856440","https://openalex.org/W2139578659","https://openalex.org/W2142853014","https://openalex.org/W2143760481","https://openalex.org/W2146706022","https://openalex.org/W2147269402","https://openalex.org/W2147348835","https://openalex.org/W2154967452","https://openalex.org/W2157127957","https://openalex.org/W2158027086","https://openalex.org/W2163622833","https://openalex.org/W2166656159","https://openalex.org/W2168029386","https://openalex.org/W2171480813","https://openalex.org/W2293708017","https://openalex.org/W2295903414","https://openalex.org/W2334872441","https://openalex.org/W2340735175","https://openalex.org/W2466425043","https://openalex.org/W2480906831","https://openalex.org/W2514257847","https://openalex.org/W2571737579","https://openalex.org/W2611863566","https://openalex.org/W2786926866","https://openalex.org/W2806619258","https://openalex.org/W2904270376","https://openalex.org/W2911583164","https://openalex.org/W2913459036","https://openalex.org/W2914206182","https://openalex.org/W3146075203","https://openalex.org/W3169000564"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2147348835","https://openalex.org/W2591693623","https://openalex.org/W3005566532","https://openalex.org/W2002789815","https://openalex.org/W182245429","https://openalex.org/W213996327","https://openalex.org/W2796990656","https://openalex.org/W2594205029","https://openalex.org/W2915162036","https://openalex.org/W3010307732","https://openalex.org/W1896342373","https://openalex.org/W2739452352","https://openalex.org/W2913459036","https://openalex.org/W1583869287","https://openalex.org/W1540883472","https://openalex.org/W1848583964","https://openalex.org/W3095895296","https://openalex.org/W2161844436","https://openalex.org/W1874776692","https://openalex.org/W29910447"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Temporal":[0],"logic":[1],"is":[2,83,98,166,217,303,333,382,419,439],"widely":[3],"used":[4,323],"for":[5,35,49,68,201,219,282,324,341,395,457,478],"specifying":[6],"hardware":[7],"and":[8,19,31,121,150,178,272,328,338,355,391,491],"software":[9],"systems.":[10,71],"Typically":[11],"two":[12],"types":[13],"of":[14,60,139,158,169,193,205,261,309,376,407,449,461,486,514],"properties":[15,37],"are":[16,393,431],"distinguished,":[17],"safety":[18,23,36,65,518],"liveness":[20,61,516],"properties.":[21,133],"While":[22],"can":[24,245,255],"easily":[25],"be":[26,47,236,246,256],"checked":[27],"by":[28,102,155,181,278,314,353,389,465,489],"reachability":[29,76,86],"analysis,":[30],"many":[32],"efficient":[33,58],"checkers":[34,204],"exist,":[38],"more":[39],"sophisticated":[40],"algorithms":[41],"have":[42,197],"always":[43],"been":[44,119],"considered":[45],"to":[46,130,227,235,258,288,305,345,414,493,501,519],"necessary":[48,337],"checking":[50,62,66,122,460],"liveness.":[51],"In":[52],"this":[53],"dissertation":[54],"we":[55,357,469],"describe":[56],"an":[57,109,242,401,503],"translation":[59],"problems":[63,67],"into":[64,517],"finite":[69],"state":[70,107,117,141,145,171,263,325],"More":[72],"precisely,":[73],"fair":[74,79,94,116],"repeated":[75],"in":[77,87,96,100,108,160,173,292,421,440,446],"a":[78,88,104,115,123,156,182,252,259,279,283,293,298,310,315,342,350,359,453,471,499,524],"Kripke":[80,90],"structure":[81,91],"K":[82,97,101],"formulated":[84],"as":[85,276,312,386,425,427],"transformed":[89,162],"K.":[92],"A":[93],"loop":[95,124],"detected":[99],"saving":[103],"previously":[105],"visited":[106],"additional":[110],"state-recording":[111],"component,":[112],"waiting":[113],"until":[114],"has":[118],"seen,":[120],"closing":[125],"condition.":[126],"The":[127,296,307,481],"approach":[128,200,216,375],"extends":[129],"all":[131],"\u03c9-regular":[132],"We":[134,186,196,248,335,367,433,510],"show":[135,211,250,434],"that":[136,189,214,223,251,362,369,435,474],"the":[137,140,143,147,161,167,170,174,191,199,206,215,231,290,300,321,329,331,374,384,387,405,422,447,450,484,531],"size":[138,168],"space,":[142,146],"reachable":[144],"transition":[148],"relation,":[149],"its":[151],"transitive":[152],"closure":[153],"grow":[154],"factor":[157],"|S|":[159,165],"model,":[163],"where":[164],"space":[172,326],"original":[175],"model.":[176],"Radius":[177],"diameter":[179],"increase":[180],"small,":[183],"constant":[184],"factor.":[185],"discuss":[187],"optimizations":[188],"limit":[190],"overhead":[192],"our":[194,512],"translation.":[195],"implemented":[198],"BDD-based":[202,525],"model":[203,268,280,316,459,527,532],"SMV":[207],"family.":[208],"Experimental":[209],"results":[210],"not":[212],"only":[213],"feasible":[218],"complex":[220],"examples,":[221],"but":[222],"it":[224,302],"may":[225,412],"lead":[226,413],"faster":[228],"verification":[229],"if":[230],"property":[232,285,332],"turns":[233],"out":[234],"false.":[237],"For":[238],"one":[239],"example":[240],"even":[241],"exponential":[243],"speed-up":[244],"observed.":[247],"finally":[249],"similar":[253],"reduction":[254],"applied":[257],"number":[260],"infinite":[262],"systems,":[264,271],"namely,":[265],"(\u03c9-)":[266],"regular":[267],"checking,":[269],"pushdown":[270],"timed":[273],"automata.":[274,495],"Counterexamples":[275],"produced":[277],"checker":[281,528,533],"failing":[284],"help":[286],"developers":[287],"understand":[289],"problem":[291],"faulty":[294],"design.":[295],"shorter":[297],"counterexample,":[299,311],"easier":[301],"typically":[304],"understand.":[306],"length":[308,438,448],"reported":[313],"checker,":[317],"depends":[318],"on":[319],"both":[320,441],"algorithm":[322,406],"exploration":[327],"way":[330],"encoded.":[334],"provide":[336],"sufficient":[339],"criteria":[340],"Buchi":[343,360,370,472,494,505],"automaton":[344,361,402,473,506],"accept":[346,507],"shortest":[347,364,476,508,521],"counterexamples.":[348,417,509],"Extending":[349],"notion":[351],"introduced":[352],"Kupferman":[354],"Vardi":[356],"call":[358],"accepts":[363,475],"counterexamples":[365,477,522],"tight.":[366],"prove":[368],"automata":[371],"constructed":[372],"using":[373],"Kesten":[377],"et":[378,409,467],"al.":[379,410],"(KPR),":[380],"which":[381],"essentially":[383],"same":[385],"construction":[388,482],"Lichtenstein":[390],"Pnueli,":[392],"tight":[394],"future":[396],"time":[397,429],"LTL":[398,462],"formulae,":[399],"while":[400],"generated":[403],"with":[404,463,523],"Gerth":[408],"(GPVW)":[411],"unnecessary":[415],"long":[416],"Optimality":[418],"lost":[420],"first":[423],"case":[424],"soon":[426],"past":[428,464],"operators":[430],"included.":[432],"potential":[436],"excess":[437],"cases":[442],"at":[443],"most":[444],"linear":[445],"specification.":[451],"Using":[452],"recently":[454],"proposed":[455],"encoding":[456],"bounded":[458],"Latvala":[466],"al.,":[468],"construct":[470],"full":[479],"LTL.":[480],"adapts":[483],"idea":[485],"virtual":[487],"unrolling":[488],"Benedetti":[490],"Cimatti":[492],"Its":[496],"generalization":[497],"gives":[498],"method":[500,513],"make":[502],"arbitrary":[504],"use":[511],"translating":[515],"find":[520],"symbolic":[526],"without":[529],"modifying":[530],"itself.":[534],"Though":[535]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-04T08:18:43.703281","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}