{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3025138423","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1907-46","title":"The impact of text preprocessing on the prediction of review ratings","display_name":"The impact of text preprocessing on the prediction of review ratings","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3025138423","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1907-46","mag":"3025138423"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3906/elk-1907-46","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1907-46","pdf_url":"https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1344&context=elektrik","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32837994","display_name":"TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES","issn_l":"1300-0632","issn":["1300-0632","1303-6203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318422","host_organization_name":"Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318422"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1344&context=elektrik","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088521045","display_name":"Muhittin I\u015eIK","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6194-9074"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhittin I\u015eIK","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033033910","display_name":"Hasan Da\u011f","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6252-1870"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hasan DA\u011e","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088521045"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0236,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90346843,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"3","first_page":"1405","last_page":"1421"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10609","display_name":"Digital Marketing and Social Media","score":0.9599999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9453999996185303,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.7787183523178101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credibility","display_name":"Credibility","score":0.6988049745559692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6577518582344055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentiment-analysis","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","score":0.6548483371734619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5172749161720276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ratification","display_name":"Ratification","score":0.48518258333206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feeling","display_name":"Feeling","score":0.4444008767604828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43616628646850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.42963477969169617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-pre-processing","display_name":"Data pre-processing","score":0.4169667959213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.36665573716163635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.35560858249664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3540811538696289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3463001251220703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3459010720252991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.20023861527442932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.18994733691215515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.12491163611412048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.0891471803188324}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.7787183523178101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780224610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530061","display_name":"Credibility","level":2,"score":0.6988049745559692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6577518582344055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66402592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271421","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","level":2,"score":0.6548483371734619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5172749161720276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776713681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193170","display_name":"Ratification","level":3,"score":0.48518258333206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122980154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555","display_name":"Feeling","level":2,"score":0.4444008767604828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43616628646850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.42963477969169617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10551718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227332","display_name":"Data pre-processing","level":2,"score":0.4169667959213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.36665573716163635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35560858249664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3540811538696289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3463001251220703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3459010720252991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.20023861527442932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.18994733691215515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.12491163611412048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0891471803188324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3906/elk-1907-46","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1907-46","pdf_url":"https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1344&context=elektrik","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32837994","display_name":"TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES","issn_l":"1300-0632","issn":["1300-0632","1303-6203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318422","host_organization_name":"Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318422"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dergipark.org.tr:article/739703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tbtkelektrik/issue/54388/739703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401840","display_name":"DergiPark (Istanbul University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","host_organization_name":"Istanbul University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\\n                                                                    Volume: 28, Issue: 3\\n                                                                                                    1405-1421\\n                                                                \\n                            ","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3906/elk-1907-46","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1907-46","pdf_url":"https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1344&context=elektrik","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32837994","display_name":"TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES","issn_l":"1300-0632","issn":["1300-0632","1303-6203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318422","host_organization_name":"Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318422"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3025138423.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3025138423.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2989490741","https://openalex.org/W138569904","https://openalex.org/W2367545121","https://openalex.org/W4248881655","https://openalex.org/W2482165163","https://openalex.org/W3010890513","https://openalex.org/W3092506759","https://openalex.org/W2390914021","https://openalex.org/W2389417819","https://openalex.org/W3195278891"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,25,39,72,85,106,115,131,138,146,160,164,170],"increase":[2,52,105],"of":[3,27,56,117,133,141,148,172],"e-commerce":[4],"platforms":[5],"and":[6,16,33,44,156,167],"online":[7,42],"applications,":[8],"businessmen":[9],"are":[10,101],"looking":[11],"to":[12,30,71,84,104,124,152],"have":[13],"a":[14,90,173],"rating":[15,128,176],"review":[17,76,127,175],"system":[18],"through":[19],"which":[20,88],"they":[21],"can":[22],"easily":[23],"reveal":[24],"feelings":[26],"customers":[28,48],"related":[29],"their":[31,157],"products":[32],"services.":[34],"It":[35],"is":[36,89,151],"undeniable":[37],"from":[38],"statistics":[40],"that":[41],"ratings":[43],"reviews":[45],"attract":[46],"new":[47],"as":[49,51],"well":[50],"sales":[53],"by":[54],"means":[55],"providing":[57],"confidence,":[58],"ratification,":[59],"opinions,":[60],"comparisons,":[61],"merchant":[62],"credibility,":[63],"etc.":[64],"Although":[65],"considerable":[66],"research":[67,150],"has":[68,81],"been":[69,82],"devoted":[70],"sentiment":[73],"analysis":[74],"for":[75],"classification,":[77],"rather":[78],"less":[79],"attention":[80],"paid":[83],"text":[86,119],"preprocessing":[87,99,120,154],"crucial":[91],"step":[92],"in":[93,122],"opinion":[94],"mining":[95],"especially":[96],"if":[97],"convenient":[98],"strategies":[100],"found":[102],"out":[103],"classification":[107],"accuracy.":[108],"In":[109],"this":[110,149],"paper,":[111],"we":[112],"concentrate":[113],"on":[114,137,169],"impact":[116],"simple":[118],"decisions":[121],"order":[123],"predict":[125],"fine-grained":[126],"stars":[129],"whereas":[130],"majority":[132],"previous":[134],"work":[135],"focused":[136],"binary":[139],"distinction":[140],"positive":[142],"vs.":[143],"negative.":[144],"Therefore,":[145],"aim":[147],"analyze":[153],"techniques":[155],"influence,":[158],"at":[159],"same":[161],"time":[162],"explain":[163],"interesting":[165],"observations":[166],"results":[168],"performance":[171],"five-class-based":[174],"classifier.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-14T08:43:22.919905","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}