{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2990787013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1903-27","title":"Empirical model development for the estimation of clearness index usingmeteorological parameters","display_name":"Empirical model development for the estimation of clearness index usingmeteorological parameters","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2990787013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1903-27","mag":"2990787013"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3906/elk-1903-27","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1903-27","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32837994","display_name":"TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES","issn_l":"1300-0632","issn":["1300-0632","1303-6203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318422","host_organization_name":"Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318422"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING &amp; COMPUTER SCIENCES","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002628959","display_name":"Fakhar Alam","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fakhar e ALAM","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104108411","display_name":"Saif Rehman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4430-1452"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saif ur REHMAN","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029743701","display_name":"Shafiqur Rehman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2209-9617"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shafiqur REHMAN","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101871718","display_name":"Muhammad Jahangir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5058-4425"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. JAHANGIR","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101556488","display_name":"Muhammad Shoaib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-0651"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad SHOAIB","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017580601","display_name":"Imran Siddiqui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7688-295X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imran SIDDIQUI","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019406044","display_name":"Intikhab Ulfat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1159-7722"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Intikhab ULFAT","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002628959"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4334,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73061447,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"6","first_page":"4429","last_page":"4441"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11276","display_name":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11276","display_name":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":0.9053000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10905","display_name":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","score":0.9003999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.723004162311554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.6541548371315002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.653403639793396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilinear-map","display_name":"Multilinear map","score":0.6280213594436646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coefficient-of-determination","display_name":"Coefficient of determination","score":0.604905903339386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-modelling","display_name":"Empirical modelling","score":0.5800988674163818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.5702673196792603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sunshine-duration","display_name":"Sunshine duration","score":0.535952627658844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis","display_name":"Regression analysis","score":0.5232179164886475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.45232778787612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.4236566424369812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-cover","display_name":"Cloud cover","score":0.4110300838947296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.20601847767829895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relative-humidity","display_name":"Relative humidity","score":0.12444207072257996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.0801989734172821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.07847535610198975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07737761735916138}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.723004162311554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.6541548371315002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.653403639793396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84392682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952404","display_name":"Multilinear map","level":2,"score":0.6280213594436646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128990827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192830","display_name":"Coefficient of determination","level":2,"score":0.604905903339386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133199616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25386885","display_name":"Empirical modelling","level":2,"score":0.5800988674163818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.5702673196792603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197529216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14907183","display_name":"Sunshine duration","level":3,"score":0.535952627658844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.5232179164886475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.45232778787612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4236566424369812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206887242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830457","display_name":"Cloud cover","level":3,"score":0.4110300838947296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.20601847767829895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158960510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180600","display_name":"Relative humidity","level":2,"score":0.12444207072257996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0801989734172821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.07847535610198975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07737761735916138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3906/elk-1903-27","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1903-27","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32837994","display_name":"TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES","issn_l":"1300-0632","issn":["1300-0632","1303-6203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318422","host_organization_name":"Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318422"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING &amp; COMPUTER SCIENCES","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dergipark.org.tr:article/662413","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tbtkelektrik/issue/50814/662413","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401840","display_name":"DergiPark (Istanbul University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","host_organization_name":"Istanbul University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\\n                                                                    Volume: 27, Issue: 6\\n                                                                                                    4429-4441\\n                                                                \\n                            ","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1425962979","https://openalex.org/W2238997190","https://openalex.org/W2081001065","https://openalex.org/W2169676288","https://openalex.org/W2016023662","https://openalex.org/W1978123301","https://openalex.org/W4212917679","https://openalex.org/W2901730192","https://openalex.org/W1926949879","https://openalex.org/W2173102141"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,68,112,148,197,227],"clearness":[1,28,66,97,163,177],"index":[2,29,178],"is":[3,166,219],"an":[4],"indispensable":[5],"parameter":[6,191],"required":[7],"for":[8,23,62,73,158,179,223],"the":[9,18,27,50,63,115,153,159,162,181,206,210,242,250,253],"design":[10],"and":[11,54,83,104,107,142,193,245],"analysis":[12,150],"of":[13,20,49,65,94,114,130,161,176,241],"solar":[14,224],"energy":[15,225],"systems.":[16],"In":[17,38],"absence":[19],"measured":[21,35],"values":[22,48],"a":[24,220,238],"specific":[25],"location,":[26],"can":[30],"be":[31],"estimated":[32],"from":[33],"other":[34],"meteorological":[36,42],"variables.":[37],"this":[39],"study":[40,198],"three":[41,247],"parameters,":[43],"sunshine":[44,99],"hours,":[45,100],"monthly":[46,95],"mean":[47,125,133,138,144],"temperature":[51],"difference":[52],"($\\Delta$T),":[53],"cloudiness,":[55],"are":[56,71,156,195],"used":[57],"to":[58,92,189],"develop":[59],"empirical":[60,69,86],"models":[61,70,116,155,172],"estimation":[64,160],"index.":[67,164],"developed":[72,254],"five":[74],"major":[75],"cities":[76],"in":[77,252],"Pakistan":[78],"(Karachi,":[79],"Multan,":[80],"Lahore,":[81],"Islamabad,":[82],"Quetta).":[84],"For":[85],"model":[87,192,235],"development,":[88],"long-term":[89],"data":[90],"(1991":[91],"2010)":[93],"average":[96,101],"index,":[98],"daily":[102],"minimum":[103],"maximum":[105],"temperatures,":[106],"cloudiness":[108],"have":[109],"been":[110,118],"used.":[111],"accuracy":[113],"has":[117],"tested":[119],"by":[120],"statistical":[121,228],"indicators":[122,229],"that":[123,152,169,200,232],"include":[124],"percentage":[126],"error":[127,136,140,146,149],"(MPE),":[128],"coefficient":[129],"determination":[131],"(R$^2$),":[132],"absolute":[134],"relative":[135],"(MARE),":[137],"bias":[139],"(MBE),":[141],"root":[143],"square":[145],"(RMSE).":[147],"revealed":[151],"proposed":[154],"suitable":[157],"It":[165],"also":[167,230],"concluded":[168],"multiple":[170],"regression":[171,234],"give":[173],"better":[174,239],"estimates":[175],"all":[180,209],"stations":[182],"(0.80":[183],"$\\leq$":[184,186,214,216],"R$^{2}$":[185],"0.86)":[187],"compared":[188],"single":[190],"therefore":[194],"recommended.":[196],"indicated":[199],"clear":[201],"sky":[202],"conditions":[203],"prevail":[204],"throughout":[205],"months":[207],"at":[208],"investigated":[211],"sites":[212],"(0.58":[213],"K$_T$":[215],"0.68),":[217],"which":[218],"good":[221],"indicator":[222],"utilization.":[226],"suggest":[231],"multilinear":[233],"M-3":[236],"gives":[237],"representation":[240],"climate":[243],"system":[244],"using":[246],"parameters":[248],"reduces":[249],"uncertainties":[251],"model.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
