{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2914844286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1803-109","title":"A fuzzy model of directional relationships from the phi-descriptor","display_name":"A fuzzy model of directional relationships from the phi-descriptor","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2914844286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1803-109","mag":"2914844286"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3906/elk-1803-109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1803-109","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1803-109","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32837994","display_name":"TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES","issn_l":"1300-0632","issn":["1300-0632","1303-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318422","host_organization_name":"Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318422"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1803-109","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037394392","display_name":"M. Naeem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2487-1228"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad NAEEM","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064518425","display_name":"Nasir Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7969-7450"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasir AHMAD","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044352783","display_name":"Sahib Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9385-7596"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sahib KHAN","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101885968","display_name":"Asma Gul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1621-5447"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asma GUL","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1137,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45054061,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"1","first_page":"304","last_page":"315"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9836999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.7330459356307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.607765257358551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.502844512462616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.49692681431770325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.49054306745529175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4775277376174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.46806588768959045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4670846462249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4643317759037018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.4548400938510895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-relation","display_name":"Spatial relation","score":0.44633516669273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.26488375663757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.13345468044281006}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.7330459356307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.607765257358551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.502844512462616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.49692681431770325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.49054306745529175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4775277376174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.46806588768959045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4670846462249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4643317759037018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.4548400938510895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27511587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2178623","display_name":"Spatial relation","level":2,"score":0.44633516669273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.26488375663757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.13345468044281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3906/elk-1803-109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1803-109","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1803-109","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32837994","display_name":"TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES","issn_l":"1300-0632","issn":["1300-0632","1303-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318422","host_organization_name":"Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318422"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dergipark.gov.tr:article/516786","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dergipark.gov.tr/tbtkelektrik/issue/42784/516786","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401840","display_name":"DergiPark (Istanbul University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","host_organization_name":"Istanbul University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\\n Volume: 27, Issue: 1\\n 304-315\\n \\n","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dergipark.org.tr:article/516786","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tbtkelektrik/issue/42784/516786","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401840","display_name":"DergiPark (Istanbul University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","host_organization_name":"Istanbul University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\\n Volume: 27, Issue: 1\\n 304-315\\n \\n","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3906/elk-1803-109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1803-109","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1803-109","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32837994","display_name":"TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES","issn_l":"1300-0632","issn":["1300-0632","1303-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318422","host_organization_name":"Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318422"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6899999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2107628111","https://openalex.org/W2394004323","https://openalex.org/W2398764543","https://openalex.org/W2130288475","https://openalex.org/W2520082489","https://openalex.org/W2362913948","https://openalex.org/W2116266067","https://openalex.org/W2027795965","https://openalex.org/W2364189591","https://openalex.org/W2028237718"],"abstract_inverted_index":{" ":[0],"Directional":[1],"spatial":[2,8,73,106,124,140],"relationships":[3,9,74,107,125],"are":[4,55],"a":[5,40,138],"category":[6],"of":[7,16,42,51,71,99,104,122,137,149,183,190,197,204,222],"and":[10,25,62,79,96,201,215,233,239],"have":[11,82],"applications":[12],"in":[13,85,194],"the":[14,46,56,59,63,76,86,90,93,97,109,118,127,134,147,156,160,167,170,174,179,184,188,191,195,198,202,216,223,234],"fields":[15],"image":[17,43,213],"processing,":[18,24],"geographic":[19],"information":[20],"systems,":[21],"natural":[22],"language":[23],"robot":[26],"navigation.":[27],"They":[28],"can":[29,36],"be":[30,37,231],"directly":[31],"extracted":[32],"from":[33,39,75,108,126,155],"images":[34],"or":[35],"interpreted":[38],"type":[41],"descriptors":[44,54],"called":[45],"relative":[47,52],"position":[48,53],"descriptors.":[49],"Examples":[50],"angle":[57,77,158,168],"histogram,":[58,61],"force":[60,80],"recently":[64],"proposed":[65,84,185],"phi-descriptor.":[66],"So":[67],"far,":[68],"fuzzy":[69,120],"models":[70],"directional":[72,105,123,139],"histogram":[78],"histograms":[81],"been":[83,113],"literature.":[87],"These":[88],"include":[89],"compatibility":[91],"method,":[92,95],"aggregation":[94],"method":[98],"effective":[100],"forces.":[101],"However,":[102],"extraction":[103],"phi-descriptor":[110,128],"has":[111],"not":[112],"investigated.":[114],"In":[115],"this":[116],"work,":[117],"first":[119],"model":[121,132,186,208],"is":[129,145,187,228],"presented.":[130],"The":[131,207,226],"calculates":[133],"truth":[135],"degree":[136],"proposition":[141],"(e.g.":[142],"object":[143,150,172,176],"A":[144,181],"to":[146,230],"right":[148],"B)":[151],"about":[152],"two":[153],"objects":[154],"average":[157,199],"between":[159],"objects.":[161],"Furthermore,":[162],"it":[163],"takes":[164],"into":[165],"account":[166],"which":[169],"argument":[171],"subtends":[173],"reference":[175],"when":[177],"calculating":[178],"truth-degree.":[180],"novelty":[182],"use":[189],"cone":[192],"concept":[193],"calculation":[196],"direction":[200],"handling":[203],"boundary":[205],"cases.":[206],"was":[209],"tested":[210],"on":[211],"standard":[212],"data":[214],"results":[217,235],"were":[218],"compared":[219],"with":[220],"those":[221],"existing":[224],"models.":[225],"performance":[227],"found":[229],"satisfactory":[232],"meet":[236],"users'":[237],"perceptions":[238],"expectations.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-19T07:52:34.831488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}