{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2884802764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1708-117","title":"Hardware implementation and comparison of displacement retrieval algorithms for a laser diode-based optical feedback interferometric sensor","display_name":"Hardware implementation and comparison of displacement retrieval algorithms for a laser diode-based optical feedback interferometric sensor","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2884802764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1708-117","mag":"2884802764"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3906/elk-1708-117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1708-117","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1708-117","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32837994","display_name":"TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES","issn_l":"1300-0632","issn":["1300-0632","1303-6203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318422","host_organization_name":"Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318422"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1708-117","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057695503","display_name":"Ghazi Rehman","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ghazi REHMAN","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053616019","display_name":"Usman Zabit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-7371"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Usman ZABIT","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033718659","display_name":"Muhammad Obaid Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0027-9537"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Obaid ULLAH","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057695503"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07003622,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"4","first_page":"1820","last_page":"1832"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10988","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","score":0.9700000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6509386897087097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6069194078445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.5491703152656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/displacement","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","score":0.53973788022995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verilog","display_name":"Verilog","score":0.5177578330039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.517649233341217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometry","display_name":"Interferometry","score":0.4881752133369446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-diode","display_name":"Laser diode","score":0.422183096408844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.388843297958374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3032369017601013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1789863109588623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6509386897087097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6069194078445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.5491703152656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.53973788022995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779030575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827773","display_name":"Verilog","level":3,"score":0.5177578330039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.517649233341217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.4881752133369446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777048131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321098","display_name":"Laser diode","level":3,"score":0.422183096408844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.388843297958374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3032369017601013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1789863109588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3906/elk-1708-117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1708-117","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1708-117","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32837994","display_name":"TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES","issn_l":"1300-0632","issn":["1300-0632","1303-6203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318422","host_organization_name":"Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318422"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dergipark.org.tr:article/574328","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tbtkelektrik/issue/45628/574328","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401840","display_name":"DergiPark (Istanbul University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","host_organization_name":"Istanbul University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\\n                                                                    Volume: 26, Issue: 4\\n                                                                                                    1820-1832\\n                                                                \\n                            ","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3906/elk-1708-117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1708-117","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1708-117","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32837994","display_name":"TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES","issn_l":"1300-0632","issn":["1300-0632","1303-6203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318422","host_organization_name":"Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318422"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2884802764.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2884802764.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2387264083","https://openalex.org/W2604877941","https://openalex.org/W1669114967","https://openalex.org/W2605479516","https://openalex.org/W2390885485","https://openalex.org/W2362523726","https://openalex.org/W1534855236","https://openalex.org/W2052458368","https://openalex.org/W2377122034","https://openalex.org/W2125019334"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optical":[0],"feedback":[1],"interferometer":[2],"(OFI)":[3],"lasers,":[4,9],"also":[5],"called":[6],"self-mixing":[7],"(SM)":[8],"have":[10,106],"been":[11,107],"widely":[12],"explored":[13],"over":[14],"the":[15,53,60,67,74,79,85,91,97,100,111,120,124,128,132,222,240,255,270],"last":[16],"couple":[17],"of":[18,38,52,84,96,119,127,140,169,216,278,311],"decades":[19],"due":[20],"to":[21,59,123,176],"their":[22],"low":[23],"cost,":[24],"compactness,":[25],"and":[26,29,77,81,131,148,171,190,210,213,263,265,275,297,299,308],"self-aligned":[27],"nature":[28],"they":[30],"provide":[31],"a":[32,50,166],"very":[33],"good":[34],"solution":[35],"for":[36,159,165,196,237],"measurements":[37],"displacement,":[39],"vibration,":[40],"distance,":[41],"velocity,":[42],"etc.":[43],"The":[44,69,116,282],"SM":[45,101,223],"effect":[46],"takes":[47],"place":[48],"when":[49],"part":[51],"laser":[54,62,86,129,144],"beam":[55,71,76],"is":[56,135],"fed":[57],"back":[58],"active":[61],"cavity":[63],"after":[64],"reflecting":[65],"from":[66,99,221],"target.":[68],"reflected":[70],"interferes":[72],"with":[73],"emitted":[75],"hence":[78],"optical":[80],"spectral":[82],"characteristics":[83],"get":[87],"changed.":[88],"To":[89,154],"retrieve":[90],"vibration":[92,212],"or":[93],"displacement":[94,214],"signal":[95],"target":[98],"signal,":[102],"different":[103],"postprocessing":[104],"algorithms":[105,231],"proposed,":[108],"such":[109],"as":[110],"phase":[112,130],"unwrapping":[113,188],"method":[114],"(PUM).":[115],"first":[117],"step":[118,134],"PUM":[121,257,271],"leads":[122],"coarse":[125],"estimation":[126,139,164],"final":[133],"an":[136,226],"iterative":[137],"joint":[138,163],"2":[141],"parameters,":[142],"namely":[143,184],"coupling":[145],"coefficient":[146],"$C$":[147,170],"linewidth":[149],"enhancement":[150],"factor":[151],"$\\\\alpha":[152,172],"$.":[153],"make":[155],"this":[156,180],"algorithm":[157,249,258,285],"applicable":[158],"real-time":[160,211],"measurements,":[161],"parallel":[162,256],"wide":[167],"range":[168],"$":[173],"values":[174],"needs":[175],"be":[177,219],"done.":[178],"In":[179],"research,":[181],"3":[182],"algorithms,":[183],"PUM,":[185],"direct":[186],"fringe":[187],"(DFU),":[189],"improved":[191],"DFU":[192,284],"(IDFU)":[193],"were":[194,232],"tested":[195],"FPGA":[197],"implementation":[198,238],"by":[199],"using":[200,234],"Verilog":[201,235],"HDL":[202,236],"(hardware":[203],"description":[204],"language)":[205],"so":[206],"that":[207],"more":[208],"precise":[209],"signals":[215],"targets":[217],"could":[218],"extracted":[220],"sensor":[224],"in":[225,259,272,293,305],"embedded":[227],"systems":[228],"environment.":[229],"These":[230],"developed":[233],"on":[239],"Xilinx":[241],"Spartan-3":[242],"Xcs400-FG320":[243],"development":[244],"board.":[245],"Our":[246],"designed":[247,283],"IDFU":[248,292,304],"performed":[250],"$0.492\\\\,":[251],"$times":[252],"better":[253,268,290,302],"than":[254,269,291,303],"maximum":[260,294],"clock":[261,295],"frequency":[262,296],"$1.53$":[264],"$1.21$":[266],"times":[267,289,301],"slice":[273,306],"registers":[274,307],"LUT":[276,309],"utilization":[277,310],"hardware":[279,312],"resources,":[280,313],"respectively.":[281,314],"can":[286],"operate":[287],"$1.355$":[288],"$25.34$":[298],"$14.25$":[300]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}