{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163163761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3837/tiis.2026.05.010","title":"Delay-Efficient Online Computation Offloading in Time-Varying Satellite-Terrestrial Integrated Networks","display_name":"Delay-Efficient Online Computation Offloading in Time-Varying Satellite-Terrestrial Integrated Networks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163163761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3837/tiis.2026.05.010"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3837/tiis.2026.05.010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3837/tiis.2026.05.010","pdf_url":"https://itiis.org/digital-library/manuscript/file/107364/TIIS Vol 20, No 5-10.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204131793","display_name":"KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems","issn_l":"1976-7277","issn":["1976-7277","2288-1468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323966148","host_organization_name":"Korea Society of Internet Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323966148"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Korea Society of Internet Information"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://itiis.org/digital-library/manuscript/file/107364/TIIS Vol 20, No 5-10.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137614709","display_name":"Guisong Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guisong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137680799","display_name":"Qiwen Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiwen Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137629538","display_name":"Yunbo Shen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunbo Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137653011","display_name":"Xingyu He","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingyu He","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137668621","display_name":"Ping Du","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Du","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039817461","display_name":"Mingji Dong","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingji Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100729108","display_name":"Xin Miao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3208-630X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8462164,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"5","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9460999965667725,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9460999965667725,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.012199999764561653,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.008100000210106373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-network","display_name":"Intelligent Network","score":0.24969999492168427}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9186000227928162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.52920001745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4661000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2953000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51675839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665681","display_name":"Intelligent Network","level":2,"score":0.24969999492168427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158207573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747224","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","level":4,"score":0.21299999952316284}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3837/tiis.2026.05.010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3837/tiis.2026.05.010","pdf_url":"https://itiis.org/digital-library/manuscript/file/107364/TIIS Vol 20, No 5-10.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204131793","display_name":"KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems","issn_l":"1976-7277","issn":["1976-7277","2288-1468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323966148","host_organization_name":"Korea Society of Internet Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323966148"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Korea Society of Internet Information"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3837/tiis.2026.05.010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3837/tiis.2026.05.010","pdf_url":"https://itiis.org/digital-library/manuscript/file/107364/TIIS Vol 20, No 5-10.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204131793","display_name":"KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems","issn_l":"1976-7277","issn":["1976-7277","2288-1468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323966148","host_organization_name":"Korea Society of Internet Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323966148"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Korea Society of Internet Information"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6398963332176208,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7163163761.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7163163761.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"time-varying":[1],"satellite-terrestrial":[2],"integrated":[3],"networks":[4],"(STINs),":[5],"rapidly":[6],"changing":[7],"link":[8],"conditions":[9],"and":[10,30,94,146,196],"stochastic":[11],"task":[12,20,47,150,159,174],"arrivals":[13],"make":[14],"it":[15],"difficult":[16],"to":[17,60,130,184],"minimize":[18],"long-term":[19,66,77],"execution":[21,151],"delay":[22,67,152,183],"while":[23,165],"maintaining":[24],"queue":[25,78,87],"stability.To":[26],"shorten":[27],"transmission":[28],"distance":[29],"reduce":[31],"latency,":[32],"we":[33,89,107],"deploy":[34],"mobile":[35],"edge":[36],"computing":[37],"(MEC)":[38],"servers":[39],"on":[40,53,104],"low":[41],"Earth":[42],"orbit":[43],"(LEO)":[44],"satellites.Each":[45],"ground":[46],"can":[48],"be":[49],"processed":[50],"locally,":[51],"executed":[52],"the":[54,82,96,182,193,201,205,211],"serving":[55],"LEO":[56],"satellite,":[57],"or":[58],"relayed":[59],"a":[61,70,116,124,158,169,173],"terrestrial":[62],"cloud":[63],"center.We":[64],"formulate":[65],"minimization":[68],"as":[69],"mixed-integer":[71],"nonlinear":[72],"programming":[73],"(MINLP)":[74],"problem":[75,99],"with":[76,172,188],"stability":[79],"constraints.To":[80],"handle":[81],"inter-slot":[83],"coupling":[84],"caused":[85],"by":[86],"dynamics,":[88],"adopt":[90],"Lyapunov":[91],"drift-pluspenalty":[92],"optimization":[93],"convert":[95],"original":[97],"multi-stage":[98],"into":[100],"per-slot":[101],"deterministic":[102],"subproblems.Based":[103],"this":[105],"framework,":[106],"propose":[108],"DRLODE,":[109],"an":[110,148],"online":[111],"computation":[112],"offloading":[113,134],"strategy":[114],"using":[115],"dual-policy":[117],"deep":[118],"reinforcement":[119],"learning":[120],"architecture.We":[121],"further":[122],"introduce":[123],"ternary":[125,206],"order-preserving":[126,207],"action":[127],"quantization":[128],"mechanism":[129],"efficiently":[131],"generate":[132],"discrete":[133],"decisions.Simulation":[135],"results":[136,209],"show":[137],"that":[138],"DRLODE":[139,180,214],"converges":[140],"within":[141],"about":[142,154,185,189,197],"2000":[143],"time":[144],"slots":[145],"achieves":[147],"average":[149],"of":[153,162,177,213],"0.1":[155],"s":[156,191,199],"at":[157],"arrival":[160,175],"rate":[161,176],"3":[163],"Mbps":[164],"keeping":[166],"queues":[167],"stable.Under":[168],"heavier":[170],"load":[171],"25":[178],"Mbps,":[179],"reduces":[181],"3.4s,":[186],"compared":[187],"11.6":[190],"for":[192,200],"DDPGTO":[194],"baseline":[195],"7.0":[198],"ablation":[202],"variant":[203],"without":[204],"quantizer.These":[208],"verify":[210],"effectiveness":[212],"in":[215],"dynamic":[216],"STIN":[217],"environments.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-04T06:14:18.571774","created_date":"2026-06-03T00:00:00"}