{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404487057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37190/e-inf250103","title":"A Comparative Analysis of Metaheuristic Feature Selection Methods in Software Vulnerability Prediction","display_name":"A Comparative Analysis of Metaheuristic Feature Selection Methods in Software Vulnerability Prediction","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404487057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37190/e-inf250103"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.37190/e-inf250103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.37190/e-inf250103","pdf_url":"https://www.e-informatyka.pl/EISEJ/papers/2025/1/3/eInformatica2025Art03.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738831096","display_name":"e-Informatica Software Engineering Journal","issn_l":"1897-7979","issn":["1897-7979","2084-4840"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317492","host_organization_name":"Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317492"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"e-Informatica Software Engineering Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.e-informatyka.pl/EISEJ/papers/2025/1/3/eInformatica2025Art03.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070675444","display_name":"Deepali Bassi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Deepali Bassi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103283628","display_name":"Hardeep Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9910-7195"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hardeep Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070675444"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9409,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7961889,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":"250103","last_page":"250103"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9811999797821045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12479","display_name":"Web Application Security Vulnerabilities","score":0.9735000133514404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.7214303016662598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.6099995374679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5198555588722229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.5042732954025269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.49090343713760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4480186998844147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4307571053504944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4218118488788605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.34162089228630066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.06479358673095703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.0568748414516449}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.7214303016662598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.6099995374679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5198555588722229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5042732954025269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.49090343713760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4480186998844147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4307571053504944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4218118488788605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34162089228630066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.06479358673095703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0568748414516449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.37190/e-inf250103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.37190/e-inf250103","pdf_url":"https://www.e-informatyka.pl/EISEJ/papers/2025/1/3/eInformatica2025Art03.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738831096","display_name":"e-Informatica Software Engineering Journal","issn_l":"1897-7979","issn":["1897-7979","2084-4840"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317492","host_organization_name":"Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317492"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"e-Informatica Software Engineering Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dbc.wroc.pl:139720","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dbc.wroc.pl/dlibra/publication/178531/edition/139720/content","pdf_url":"https://dbc.wroc.pl/Content/139720/eInformatica2025Art03.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210167977","display_name":"Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroc\u0142awiu","issn_l":"1899-3192","issn":["1899-3192","2392-0041"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322697539","host_organization_name":"Wroclaw University of Economics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322697539"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wroclaw University of Economics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Politechnika Wroc\u0142awska","raw_type":"artyku\u0142"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:61f0a66777af4a4dab2ba72bd74ca9b6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/61f0a66777af4a4dab2ba72bd74ca9b6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"e-Informatica Software Engineering Journal, Vol 19, Iss 1 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.37190/e-inf250103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.37190/e-inf250103","pdf_url":"https://www.e-informatyka.pl/EISEJ/papers/2025/1/3/eInformatica2025Art03.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738831096","display_name":"e-Informatica Software Engineering Journal","issn_l":"1897-7979","issn":["1897-7979","2084-4840"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317492","host_organization_name":"Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317492"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"e-Informatica Software Engineering Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404487057.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2789681586","https://openalex.org/W2794361564","https://openalex.org/W4243392960","https://openalex.org/W3156820950","https://openalex.org/W4232791346","https://openalex.org/W2971069100","https://openalex.org/W2504553392","https://openalex.org/W2331509522","https://openalex.org/W4386564352","https://openalex.org/W2952668426"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Early":[1],"identification":[2],"of":[3,17,36,44,49,62,83,86,114,136,173],"software":[4,12,20],"vulnerabilities":[5],"is":[6,109],"an":[7],"intrinsic":[8],"step":[9],"in":[10,40,171],"achieving":[11],"security.":[13],"In":[14],"the":[15,42,45,60,112,115,126,134,145,150,168,186],"era":[16],"artificial":[18],"intelligence,":[19],"vulnerability":[21],"prediction":[22],"models":[23,38],"(VPMs)":[24],"are":[25,55],"created":[26],"using":[27],"machine":[28,88],"learning":[29,32,89],"and":[30,52,91,122,138],"deep":[31],"approaches.":[33],"The":[34,47,65,102,176],"effectiveness":[35],"these":[37],"aids":[39],"increasing":[41],"quality":[43],"software.":[46],"handling":[48],"imbalanced":[50],"datasets":[51],"dimensionality":[53],"reduction":[54],"important":[56],"aspects":[57],"that":[58,106,179],"affect":[59],"performance":[61],"VPMs.":[63],"Aim:":[64],"current":[66],"study":[67,127],"applies":[68],"novel":[69],"metaheuristic":[70,93],"approaches":[71],"for":[72,119,158,184],"feature":[73,94,116,152],"subset":[74],"selection.":[75],"Method:":[76],"This":[77],"paper":[78,163],"performs":[79],"a":[80],"comparative":[81],"analysis":[82],"forty-eight":[84],"combinations":[85],"eight":[87],"techniques":[90],"six":[92],"selection":[95,117,153],"methods":[96,118],"on":[97,156],"four":[98],"public":[99],"datasets.":[100,124,187],"Results:":[101],"experimental":[103],"results":[104,135,177],"reveal":[105],"VPMs":[107,140],"productivity":[108],"upgraded":[110],"after":[111],"application":[113],"both":[120],"metrics-based":[121,137],"text-mining-based":[123],"Additionally,":[125],"has":[128,164,181],"applied":[129],"Wilcoxon":[130],"signed-rank":[131],"test":[132],"to":[133,141],"text-features-based":[139],"evaluate":[142],"which":[143],"outperformed":[144],"other.":[146],"Furthermore,":[147],"it":[148],"discovers":[149],"best-performing":[151],"algorithm":[154],"based":[155],"AUC":[157],"each":[159],"dataset.":[160],"Finally,":[161],"this":[162],"performed":[165,182],"better":[166],"than":[167],"benchmark":[169],"studies":[170],"terms":[172],"F1-Score.":[174],"Conclusion:":[175],"conclude":[178],"GWO":[180],"satisfactorily":[183],"all":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
