{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312662220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ord220305","title":"Occupational composition of an economy and effective retirement age across European countries: an econometric analysis","display_name":"Occupational composition of an economy and effective retirement age across European countries: an econometric analysis","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312662220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ord220305"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.37190/ord220305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ord220305","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ord220305","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739399646","display_name":"Badania Operacyjne i Decyzje/Operations Research and Decisions","issn_l":"1230-1868","issn":["1230-1868","2081-8858","2391-6060"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317492","host_organization_name":"Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317492"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Operations Research and Decisions","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ord220305","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051744194","display_name":"Filip Chybalski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9555-8741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188884621","display_name":"Lodz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00s8fpf52","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188884621"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Filip Chybalski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lodz University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lodz University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188884621"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051744194"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188884621"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26181966,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11631","display_name":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","score":0.9714000225067139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11631","display_name":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","score":0.9714000225067139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12781","display_name":"Global Health Care Issues","score":0.9273999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.6600853204727173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unemployment","display_name":"Unemployment","score":0.632518470287323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependency-ratio","display_name":"Dependency ratio","score":0.624257504940033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demographic-economics","display_name":"Demographic economics","score":0.5864751935005188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/panel-data","display_name":"Panel data","score":0.5606210231781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/per-capita","display_name":"Per capita","score":0.5468820929527283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","score":0.48202335834503174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4369162321090698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis","display_name":"Regression analysis","score":0.4333992004394531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","score":0.42861780524253845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-population","display_name":"Working population","score":0.42241552472114563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labour-economics","display_name":"Labour economics","score":0.4162929952144623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.22932681441307068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macroeconomics","display_name":"Macroeconomics","score":0.17774084210395813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demography","display_name":"Demography","score":0.14845320582389832}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6600853204727173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778126366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment","level":2,"score":0.632518470287323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22541086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4350180","display_name":"Dependency ratio","level":3,"score":0.624257504940033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.5864751935005188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.5606210231781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127598652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558635","display_name":"Per capita","level":3,"score":0.5468820929527283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.48202335834503174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4369162321090698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.4333992004394531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42861780524253845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994294629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398","display_name":"Working population","level":3,"score":0.42241552472114563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.4162929952144623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.22932681441307068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.17774084210395813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.14845320582389832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.37190/ord220305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ord220305","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ord220305","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739399646","display_name":"Badania Operacyjne i Decyzje/Operations Research and Decisions","issn_l":"1230-1868","issn":["1230-1868","2081-8858","2391-6060"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317492","host_organization_name":"Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317492"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Operations Research and Decisions","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:wut:journl:v:32:y:2022:i:3:p:65-79:id:5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ord.pwr.edu.pl/assets/papers_archive/ord2022vol32no3_5.pdf","pdf_url":"https://ord.pwr.edu.pl/assets/papers_archive/ord2022vol32no3_5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dbc.wroc.pl:145460","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dbc.wroc.pl/dlibra/publication/184610/edition/145460/content","pdf_url":"https://dbc.wroc.pl/Content/145460/ord2022vol32no3_5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210167977","display_name":"Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroc\u0142awiu","issn_l":"1899-3192","issn":["1899-3192","2392-0041"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322697539","host_organization_name":"Wroclaw University of Economics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322697539"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wroclaw University of Economics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Politechnika Wroc\u0142awska","raw_type":"artyku\u0142"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9d170646c9d04c99b299c6b18524d098","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9d170646c9d04c99b299c6b18524d098","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Operations Research and Decisions, Vol vol. 32, Iss no. 3, Pp 65-79 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.37190/ord220305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ord220305","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ord220305","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739399646","display_name":"Badania Operacyjne i Decyzje/Operations Research and Decisions","issn_l":"1230-1868","issn":["1230-1868","2081-8858","2391-6060"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317492","host_organization_name":"Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317492"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Operations Research and Decisions","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322650","display_name":"Narodowym Centrum Nauki","ror":"https://ror.org/03ha2q922"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312662220.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312662220.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79689023","https://openalex.org/W106922658","https://openalex.org/W913838047","https://openalex.org/W1026804632","https://openalex.org/W1495656322","https://openalex.org/W1537004910","https://openalex.org/W1561617433","https://openalex.org/W1562435289","https://openalex.org/W1751554583","https://openalex.org/W1971213567","https://openalex.org/W1994172498","https://openalex.org/W1997621328","https://openalex.org/W2002240951","https://openalex.org/W2004542791","https://openalex.org/W2005639324","https://openalex.org/W2017461502","https://openalex.org/W2043229612","https://openalex.org/W2044954060","https://openalex.org/W2049147986","https://openalex.org/W2051031123","https://openalex.org/W2071230380","https://openalex.org/W2078101344","https://openalex.org/W2080046313","https://openalex.org/W2083550080","https://openalex.org/W2099575156","https://openalex.org/W2100338961","https://openalex.org/W2106792448","https://openalex.org/W2110329287","https://openalex.org/W2112016851","https://openalex.org/W2120176689","https://openalex.org/W2141132613","https://openalex.org/W2141955813","https://openalex.org/W2154209384","https://openalex.org/W2246216888","https://openalex.org/W2276903415","https://openalex.org/W2308898348","https://openalex.org/W2605221469","https://openalex.org/W2737674276","https://openalex.org/W2798121190","https://openalex.org/W2892129224","https://openalex.org/W2895392519","https://openalex.org/W3121995747","https://openalex.org/W3122710492","https://openalex.org/W3122764551","https://openalex.org/W3122898978","https://openalex.org/W3123759973","https://openalex.org/W3125083399","https://openalex.org/W3125135994","https://openalex.org/W3125601827","https://openalex.org/W3125893568","https://openalex.org/W3186998916","https://openalex.org/W4205255712","https://openalex.org/W4212983166","https://openalex.org/W4213176465","https://openalex.org/W4246812311","https://openalex.org/W4249900570","https://openalex.org/W4299491852","https://openalex.org/W4302123269"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2020084683","https://openalex.org/W2008123788","https://openalex.org/W2003273522","https://openalex.org/W1621182428","https://openalex.org/W2127336856","https://openalex.org/W1982296715","https://openalex.org/W1990762589","https://openalex.org/W2083061677","https://openalex.org/W2569096928","https://openalex.org/W2050680752"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,69],"study,":[2],"panel":[3],"regression":[4],"models":[5],"for":[6,91,116],"21":[7],"European":[8],"countries":[9],"and":[10,17,108],"data":[11,63],"covering":[12],"the":[13,24,39,46,53,58,79,104,117,125,128,136],"period":[14],"between":[15],"2008":[16],"2014":[18],"were":[19],"used":[20],"to":[21,66,124],"demonstrate":[22],"that":[23,120],"distribution":[25],"of":[26,38,49,60,73,78,106,139],"working":[27],"population":[28],"across":[29],"different":[30],"occupational":[31,137],"groups":[32],"explains":[33],"cross-country":[34,74],"differences":[35],"in":[36,76,110,127],"terms":[37,77],"average":[40],"effective":[41],"retirement":[42],"age.":[43],"Thus,":[44],"while":[45],"great":[47],"majority":[48],"previous":[50],"studies":[51],"verified":[52],"causal":[54],"trade-off":[55],"investigated":[56,80],"on":[57],"basis":[59],"single-country":[61],"micro":[62],"with":[64],"reference":[65],"one":[67],"economy,":[68],"study":[70],"takes":[71],"perspective":[72],"diversity":[75],"relationship.":[81],"The":[82],"confirmed":[83],"link":[84],"holds":[85],"even":[86],"when":[87],"controlling":[88],"inter":[89],"alia":[90],"health":[92],"status,":[93],"education,":[94],"unemployment,":[95],"old-dependency":[96],"ratio,":[97],"interest":[98],"rate,":[99],"GDP":[100],"per":[101],"capita,":[102],"or":[103],"share":[105],"salaries":[107],"wages":[109],"GDP.":[111],"An":[112],"important":[113],"practical":[114],"implication":[115],"policy-makers":[118],"is":[119,142],"decisions":[121],"limited":[122],"only":[123],"increase":[126],"universal":[129],"pensionable":[130],"age":[131],"cannot":[132],"be":[133],"effective,":[134],"since":[135],"composition":[138],"an":[140],"economy":[141],"very":[143],"relevant.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-24T07:32:12.397491","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
