{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4244455540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ord210401","title":"An inventory model to study the effect of the probabilistic rate of carbon emission on the profit earned by a supplier","display_name":"An inventory model to study the effect of the probabilistic rate of carbon emission on the profit earned by a supplier","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4244455540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ord210401"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.37190/ord210401","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ord210401","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ord210401","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739399646","display_name":"Badania Operacyjne i Decyzje/Operations Research and Decisions","issn_l":"1230-1868","issn":["1230-1868","2081-8858","2391-6060"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317492","host_organization_name":"Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317492"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Operations Research and Decisions","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ord210401","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028421013","display_name":"Nabajyoti Bhattacharjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0767-8645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49278261","display_name":"Assam University","ror":"https://ror.org/0535c1v66","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49278261"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nabajyoti Bhattacharjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Assam University, Silchar Dorgakona, Silchar -788011, Cachar Assam, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Assam University, Silchar Dorgakona, Silchar -788011, Cachar Assam, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49278261"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000265655","display_name":"Nabendu Sen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7900-161X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49278261","display_name":"Assam University","ror":"https://ror.org/0535c1v66","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49278261"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nabendu Sen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Assam University, Silchar Dorgakona, Silchar -788011, Cachar Assam, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Assam University, Silchar Dorgakona, Silchar -788011, Cachar Assam, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49278261"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49278261"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.34450481,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10539","display_name":"Sustainable Supply Chain Management","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10539","display_name":"Sustainable Supply Chain Management","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10328","display_name":"Supply Chain and Inventory Management","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12306","display_name":"Urban and Freight Transport Logistics","score":0.9284999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profit","display_name":"Profit (economics)","score":0.5704970359802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.5474262833595276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-fibers","display_name":"Carbon fibers","score":0.5155696868896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.36566901206970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.3393331468105316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.3341810703277588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.3057789206504822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.27295076847076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.2187182903289795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.21760773658752441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2009458839893341}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181622380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26911","display_name":"Profit (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5704970359802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5474262833595276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.5155696868896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36566901206970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3393331468105316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3341810703277588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3057789206504822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27295076847076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.2187182903289795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.21760773658752441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2009458839893341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.37190/ord210401","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ord210401","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ord210401","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739399646","display_name":"Badania Operacyjne i Decyzje/Operations Research and Decisions","issn_l":"1230-1868","issn":["1230-1868","2081-8858","2391-6060"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317492","host_organization_name":"Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317492"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Operations Research and Decisions","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:wut:journl:v:31:y:2021:i:4:p:5-33:id:1601","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ord.pwr.edu.pl/assets/papers_archive/1601%20-%20published.pdf","pdf_url":"https://ord.pwr.edu.pl/assets/papers_archive/1601%20-%20published.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dbc.wroc.pl:145370","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dbc.wroc.pl/dlibra/publication/184478/edition/145370/content","pdf_url":"https://dbc.wroc.pl/Content/145370/01.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210167977","display_name":"Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroc\u0142awiu","issn_l":"1899-3192","issn":["1899-3192","2392-0041"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322697539","host_organization_name":"Wroclaw University of Economics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322697539"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wroclaw University of Economics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.boid.pwr.wroc.pl/","raw_type":"artyku\u0142"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4961b11926664a87963a1f36747d4145","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4961b11926664a87963a1f36747d4145","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Operations Research and Decisions, Vol vol. 31, Iss no. 4, Pp 5-33 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.37190/ord210401","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ord210401","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ord210401","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739399646","display_name":"Badania Operacyjne i Decyzje/Operations Research and Decisions","issn_l":"1230-1868","issn":["1230-1868","2081-8858","2391-6060"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317492","host_organization_name":"Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317492"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Operations Research and Decisions","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4244455540.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4244455540.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1593945036","https://openalex.org/W2034824130","https://openalex.org/W2041632134","https://openalex.org/W2169962896","https://openalex.org/W2613077542","https://openalex.org/W2772635215","https://openalex.org/W2801426997","https://openalex.org/W2908315025","https://openalex.org/W2966481981","https://openalex.org/W2973187896","https://openalex.org/W2981044553","https://openalex.org/W2991593298","https://openalex.org/W3028935565","https://openalex.org/W3080549724","https://openalex.org/W3088997860","https://openalex.org/W3091802948","https://openalex.org/W3106289446","https://openalex.org/W3118121196","https://openalex.org/W3119531229","https://openalex.org/W3134359514","https://openalex.org/W3135680630","https://openalex.org/W3137237247","https://openalex.org/W3137441176","https://openalex.org/W3141893698","https://openalex.org/W3165682474","https://openalex.org/W3176012100","https://openalex.org/W4301625940","https://openalex.org/W6600274115","https://openalex.org/W6600340491","https://openalex.org/W6601013545","https://openalex.org/W6606146267"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2943623134","https://openalex.org/W2494523064","https://openalex.org/W2215759665","https://openalex.org/W2960358116","https://openalex.org/W2030292806","https://openalex.org/W2147155098","https://openalex.org/W3041172967","https://openalex.org/W2749065928","https://openalex.org/W4287727129","https://openalex.org/W2588219639"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,16,97,115,156],"inventory":[1,75],"of":[2,52,59,62,82,90,99,104,107,117,123,129,143,158,169,186,193,196,229,232,242],"suppliers":[3],"providing":[4],"raw":[5,21],"materials":[6,22],"to":[7,71,86,163,219],"industries":[8],"producing":[9],"green":[10,124],"products":[11],"faces":[12],"two":[13],"challenging":[14],"problems.":[15],"first":[17],"one":[18,30,168],"is":[19,56,101,120,149,161,180,203],"that":[20,31],"are":[23,137,207,217,235],"usually":[24],"deteriorating":[25],"items":[26],"and":[27,47,80,110,126,134,146,166,176,205,213,226],"the":[28,50,60,88,105,127,170,187,194,200,221,230,233,239],"second":[29],"they":[32],"emit":[33],"carbon-based":[34],"gases":[35],"during":[36],"deterioration.":[37],"Moreover,":[38],"each":[39,147],"item":[40],"has":[41],"its":[42],"unique":[43],"carbon":[44,53,63,83,108,118,130,144,159,197],"emission":[45,109,119,160,198],"rate":[46,61,98,106,157],"composition,":[48],"called":[49],"pattern":[51,81,128,148],"emission,":[54,145],"which":[55],"a":[57,73,91,94,102,121,152],"function":[58,103,122],"emission.":[64,131],"In":[65],"this":[66],"present":[67],"research,":[68],"we":[69],"attempt":[70],"develop":[72],"stochastic":[74],"model":[76],"with":[77,183,238],"price,":[78],"stock,":[79],"emission-dependent":[84],"demand":[85],"maximise":[87],"profit":[89,201],"supplier":[92],"selling":[93],"single":[95],"product.":[96],"deterioration":[100],"effective":[111],"investment":[112,125],"in":[113],"preservation.":[114],"cost":[116],"Holding":[132],"costs":[133,136],"purchase":[135],"constant.":[138],"We":[139],"consider":[140],"three":[141,171],"patterns":[142],"defined":[150],"by":[151],"negative":[153],"exponential":[154],"function.":[155],"assumed":[162],"be":[164],"probabilistic":[165,172],"follows":[167],"distributions:":[173],"Uniform,":[174],"Triangular,":[175],"Beta.":[177],"Numerical":[178],"validation":[179],"provided":[181,236],"together":[182],"sensitivity":[184,227],"analysis":[185,225,228],"parameters":[188,231],"for":[189],"managerial":[190],"insights.":[191],"Analysis":[192],"effect":[195],"on":[199],"earned":[202],"made":[204],"results":[206],"interpreted.":[208],"Particle":[209],"swarm":[210],"optimisation":[211],"(PSO)":[212],"genetic":[214],"algorithm":[215,234],"(GA)":[216],"applied":[218],"solve":[220],"model,":[222],"while":[223],"statistical":[224],"along":[237],"graphical":[240],"representation":[241],"convergence.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-25T07:29:55.448023","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}