{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3040734236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34768/amcs-2020-0025","title":"Bounded-abstaining classification for breast tumors in imbalanced ultrasound images","display_name":"Bounded-abstaining classification for breast tumors in imbalanced ultrasound images","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3040734236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34768/amcs-2020-0025","mag":"3040734236"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.34768/amcs-2020-0025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.34768/amcs-2020-0025","pdf_url":"https://sciendo.com/pdf/10.34768/amcs-2020-0025","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117679522","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science","issn_l":"1641-876X","issn":["1641-876X","2083-8492"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://sciendo.com/pdf/10.34768/amcs-2020-0025","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022769003","display_name":"Hongjiao Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4372-7416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152269853","display_name":"Qilu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04hyzq608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142748","display_name":"Shandong Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8d6y55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongjiao Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology 92 West Dazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China","School of Cyber Security Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) 3501 Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, China","Shandong Key Laboratory of Computer Networks 3501 Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology 92 West Dazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) 3501 Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152269853","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Computer Networks 3501 Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032429023","display_name":"Yingtao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8587-9645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yingtao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology 92 West Dazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology 92 West Dazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101890714","display_name":"Heng-Da Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3569-7621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121980950","display_name":"Utah State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h6set76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heng-Da Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science Utah State University Logan, UT 84322, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science Utah State University Logan, UT 84322, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100873220","display_name":"Xianglong Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianglong Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology 92 West Dazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology 92 West Dazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032429023"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":{"value":4080,"currency":"PLN","value_usd":1100},"apc_paid":{"value":4080,"currency":"PLN","value_usd":1100},"fwci":1.3256,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84754782,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9498999714851379,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.6598267555236816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5525585412979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounded-function","display_name":"Bounded function","score":0.46583476662635803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4351786971092224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4322143495082855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.41936302185058594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-ultrasound","display_name":"Medical ultrasound","score":0.41464120149612427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-operating-characteristic","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","score":0.413387656211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-ultrasound","display_name":"Breast ultrasound","score":0.41108202934265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.37557876110076904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37169748544692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasound","display_name":"Ultrasound","score":0.3421313762664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"Breast cancer","score":0.3353957235813141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2721301317214966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24377429485321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.2382364571094513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.14662745594978333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.12598907947540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mammography","display_name":"Mammography","score":0.11526894569396973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08350026607513428}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6598267555236816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5525585412979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.46583476662635803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4351786971092224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4322143495082855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.41936302185058594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992165143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234904","display_name":"Medical ultrasound","level":3,"score":0.41464120149612427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.413387656211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777423100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1888238","display_name":"Breast ultrasound","level":5,"score":0.41108202934265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.37557876110076904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37169748544692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143753070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162564","display_name":"Ultrasound","level":2,"score":0.3421313762664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.3353957235813141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2721301317214966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24377429485321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.2382364571094513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.14662745594978333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.12598907947540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780472235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q324634","display_name":"Mammography","level":4,"score":0.11526894569396973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08350026607513428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.34768/amcs-2020-0025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.34768/amcs-2020-0025","pdf_url":"https://sciendo.com/pdf/10.34768/amcs-2020-0025","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117679522","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science","issn_l":"1641-876X","issn":["1641-876X","2083-8492"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c4afb096d5ae447cb5fb1ed49b966623","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c4afb096d5ae447cb5fb1ed49b966623","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Vol 30, Iss 2, Pp 325-336 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.34768/amcs-2020-0025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.34768/amcs-2020-0025","pdf_url":"https://sciendo.com/pdf/10.34768/amcs-2020-0025","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117679522","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science","issn_l":"1641-876X","issn":["1641-876X","2083-8492"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.4000000059604645}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3040734236.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521843029","https://openalex.org/W1597716561","https://openalex.org/W1612003148","https://openalex.org/W1963691800","https://openalex.org/W1966952113","https://openalex.org/W1970488621","https://openalex.org/W1988819287","https://openalex.org/W1993023793","https://openalex.org/W1998292132","https://openalex.org/W2044465660","https://openalex.org/W2044779926","https://openalex.org/W2047408376","https://openalex.org/W2047913312","https://openalex.org/W2050957715","https://openalex.org/W2067032929","https://openalex.org/W2076400458","https://openalex.org/W2086543716","https://openalex.org/W2092111848","https://openalex.org/W2098947733","https://openalex.org/W2099435377","https://openalex.org/W2120194796","https://openalex.org/W2123153543","https://openalex.org/W2158698691","https://openalex.org/W2162812155","https://openalex.org/W2164330572","https://openalex.org/W2169937061","https://openalex.org/W2256782633","https://openalex.org/W2290687990","https://openalex.org/W2546893492","https://openalex.org/W2559976359","https://openalex.org/W2562395590","https://openalex.org/W2564921842","https://openalex.org/W2566352549","https://openalex.org/W2602792452","https://openalex.org/W2686256267","https://openalex.org/W2718180175","https://openalex.org/W2744555757","https://openalex.org/W2746404059","https://openalex.org/W2762666833","https://openalex.org/W2766501232","https://openalex.org/W2769708842","https://openalex.org/W2773642388","https://openalex.org/W2802230952","https://openalex.org/W2804006452","https://openalex.org/W2809674113","https://openalex.org/W2884418573","https://openalex.org/W2888936240","https://openalex.org/W2889858727","https://openalex.org/W2944160827","https://openalex.org/W2962755847","https://openalex.org/W2998216295","https://openalex.org/W4230462176","https://openalex.org/W4249679641","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3108039862","https://openalex.org/W2618954822","https://openalex.org/W1990605602","https://openalex.org/W2089060075","https://openalex.org/W31474833","https://openalex.org/W2348815573","https://openalex.org/W4283075545","https://openalex.org/W2070388411","https://openalex.org/W2896805445","https://openalex.org/W2101706338"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Computer-aided":[0],"breast":[1],"ultrasound":[2],"(BUS)":[3],"diagnosis":[4,35,55],"remains":[5],"a":[6,67,74,154],"difficult":[7],"task.":[8],"One":[9],"of":[10,36,51,95,111,121],"the":[11,29,49,82,85,107,126,148,150],"challenges":[12],"is":[13,78],"that":[14,134],"imbalanced":[15,161],"BUS":[16,102,119,162],"datasets":[17,120],"lead":[18],"to":[19,25],"poor":[20],"performance,":[21],"especially":[22],"with":[23,147],"regard":[24],"low":[26],"accuracy":[27],"in":[28],"minority":[30],"(malignant":[31],"tumor)":[32],"class.":[33],"Missed":[34],"malignant":[37,98],"tumors":[38],"can":[39],"cause":[40],"serious":[41],"consequences,":[42],"such":[43,72],"as":[44],"delaying":[45],"treatment":[46],"and":[47,99,125,158],"increasing":[48],"risk":[50],"death.":[52],"Moreover,":[53],"many":[54],"methods":[56],"do":[57],"not":[58],"consider":[59],"classification":[60,76],"reliability;":[61],"thus,":[62],"some":[63],"classifications":[64],"may":[65],"have":[66],"large":[68],"uncertainty.":[69],"To":[70],"resolve":[71],"problems,":[73],"bounded-abstaining":[75],"model":[77],"proposed.":[79],"It":[80],"maximizes":[81],"area":[83],"under":[84,89],"ROC":[86],"curve":[87],"(AUC)":[88],"two":[90],"abstention":[91],"constraints.":[92],"A":[93],"total":[94],"219":[96],"(92":[97],"127":[100],"benign)":[101],"images":[103],"are":[104,129,137],"collected":[105],"from":[106],"First":[108],"Affiliated":[109],"Hospital":[110],"Harbin":[112],"Medical":[113],"University,":[114],"China.":[115],"The":[116,131],"experiment":[117],"tests":[118],"three":[122],"imbalance":[123,142],"levels,":[124],"performance":[127],"contours":[128],"analyzed.":[130],"results":[132],"demonstrate":[133],"AUC-rejection":[135],"curves":[136],"less":[138],"affected":[139],"by":[140],"class":[141],"than":[143],"accuracy-rejection":[144],"curves.":[145],"Compared":[146],"state-of-the-art,":[149],"proposed":[151],"method":[152],"yields":[153],"significantly":[155],"larger":[156],"AUC":[157],"G-mean":[159],"using":[160],"datasets.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-12-23T23:11:35.936235","created_date":"2020-07-16T00:00:00"}