{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384282348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34133/icomputing.0047","title":"Real-Valued Optical Matrix Computing with Simplified MZI Mesh","display_name":"Real-Valued Optical Matrix Computing with Simplified MZI Mesh","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384282348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34133/icomputing.0047"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.34133/icomputing.0047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.34133/icomputing.0047","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387281904","display_name":"Intelligent Computing","issn_l":"2771-5892","issn":["2771-5892"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Intelligent Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.34133/icomputing.0047","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102216602","display_name":"Bo Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, \rHuazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, \rHuazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069198125","display_name":"Shaojie Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3272-1817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaojie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, \rHuazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, \rHuazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028868684","display_name":"Junwei Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9582-1917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junwei Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, \rHuazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, \rHuazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066380975","display_name":"Wenchan Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2848-8242"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenchan Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, \rHuazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, \rHuazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053165934","display_name":"Hailong Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1878-4291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hailong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, \rHuazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, \rHuazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072211609","display_name":"Jianji Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-8650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianji Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, China","Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, \rHuazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, \rHuazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100351429","display_name":"Ming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4303-2438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091786","display_name":"State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/00g102351","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210091786","https://openalex.org/I4210149211","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, \rChinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, \rChinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100458144","display_name":"Xinliang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8513-3328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinliang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, China","Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, \rHuazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, \rHuazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.058,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96292317,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6117043495178223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mesh-networking","display_name":"Mesh networking","score":0.5941242575645447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometry","display_name":"Interferometry","score":0.5157490372657776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mach\u2013zehnder-interferometer","display_name":"Mach\u2013Zehnder interferometer","score":0.4891681969165802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3736702799797058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3529573976993561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.31530410051345825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20620277523994446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17273393273353577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16671648621559143}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6117043495178223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123691950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25552104","display_name":"Mesh networking","level":3,"score":0.5941242575645447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.5157490372657776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12296473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621727","display_name":"Mach\u2013Zehnder interferometer","level":3,"score":0.4891681969165802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3736702799797058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3529573976993561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.31530410051345825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20620277523994446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17273393273353577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16671648621559143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.34133/icomputing.0047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.34133/icomputing.0047","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387281904","display_name":"Intelligent Computing","issn_l":"2771-5892","issn":["2771-5892"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Intelligent Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:af8e833a1ef94c9daceaf4089bcfab07","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/af8e833a1ef94c9daceaf4089bcfab07","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Intelligent Computing, Vol 2 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.34133/icomputing.0047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.34133/icomputing.0047","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387281904","display_name":"Intelligent Computing","issn_l":"2771-5892","issn":["2771-5892"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Intelligent Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1844799410","https://openalex.org/W1958979682","https://openalex.org/W2076476236","https://openalex.org/W2161041288","https://openalex.org/W2752849906","https://openalex.org/W2767631751","https://openalex.org/W2906829733","https://openalex.org/W2943528195","https://openalex.org/W2944578243","https://openalex.org/W2962730419","https://openalex.org/W2976834111","https://openalex.org/W2986367605","https://openalex.org/W2999779439","https://openalex.org/W3003967059","https://openalex.org/W3004456582","https://openalex.org/W3018394831","https://openalex.org/W3081028044","https://openalex.org/W3103046660","https://openalex.org/W3120165331","https://openalex.org/W3121141908","https://openalex.org/W3126304295","https://openalex.org/W3134954744","https://openalex.org/W3155628184","https://openalex.org/W3156357868","https://openalex.org/W3165995277","https://openalex.org/W3169435745","https://openalex.org/W3175324503","https://openalex.org/W3178104754","https://openalex.org/W3200891745","https://openalex.org/W3216922697","https://openalex.org/W4200018999","https://openalex.org/W4205129187","https://openalex.org/W4210305137","https://openalex.org/W4210678178","https://openalex.org/W4221069714","https://openalex.org/W4224992102","https://openalex.org/W4226293750","https://openalex.org/W4283764191","https://openalex.org/W4283819607","https://openalex.org/W4285091313","https://openalex.org/W6757635750","https://openalex.org/W6770471305","https://openalex.org/W6798229156","https://openalex.org/W6840176045"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001500483","https://openalex.org/W2008870374","https://openalex.org/W2473585143","https://openalex.org/W2162975425","https://openalex.org/W2579266833","https://openalex.org/W2033229517","https://openalex.org/W2127017721","https://openalex.org/W2578932153","https://openalex.org/W2167148385","https://openalex.org/W4321138329"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,29,40,78],"Mach\u2013Zehnder":[1],"interferometer":[2],"(MZI)":[3],"mesh,":[4],"a":[5,89,115,175,190],"mainstream":[6],"structure":[7],"for":[8,36,53,119,219],"optical":[9,20,38,69,108,123,133],"matrix-vector":[10],"multiplication":[11],"(MVM),":[12],"has":[13,126],"been":[14],"widely":[15],"employed":[16],"in":[17,88,92,164,200],"recently":[18],"developed":[19],"neural":[21],"networks":[22],"(ONNs)":[23],"and":[24,48,131,139,156,199,210],"combination":[25],"optimization":[26],"problem":[27],"solvers.":[28],"conventional":[30,100,143],"MZI":[31,101,117,144,154,184,197],"mesh":[32,102,118,155,185,198],"was":[33],"designed":[34],"specifically":[35],"complex-valued":[37,57],"MVM.":[39,109,124],"network":[41],"includes":[42],"2":[43,45,73,83,128],"N":[44,72,127,136],"phase":[46,96,129],"shifters,":[47],"coherent":[49],"detection":[50],"is":[51,103],"indispensable":[52],"retrieving":[54],"the":[55,60,82,93,99,142,152,159,182,194],"output":[56],"vectors.":[58],"Nonetheless,":[59],"majority":[61],"of":[62,75,85,95,135,167],"applications,":[63],"including":[64],"ONNs,":[65],"merely":[66],"require":[67],"real-valued":[68,107,121,196],"matrices":[70,86],"with":[71,151],"degrees":[74],"freedom":[76],"(DOFs).":[77],"DOF":[79],"gap":[80],"between":[81],"types":[84],"results":[87],"severe":[90],"redundancy":[91],"number":[94],"shifters":[97,130],"when":[98],"applied":[104],"to":[105,212],"implement":[106],"In":[110],"this":[111],"study,":[112],"we":[113,147,173],"propose":[114],"simplified":[116],"performing":[120],"incoherent":[122],"It":[125],"an":[132,149],"depth":[134],"+":[137],"1,":[138],"it":[140],"outperforms":[141],"mesh.":[145],"Furthermore,":[146],"constructed":[148],"ONN":[150],"proposed":[153,183,195],"successfully":[157],"performed":[158],"iris":[160],"classification":[161],"task":[162],"via":[163],"situ":[165,201],"training":[166,202],"particle":[168],"swarm":[169],"optimization.":[170],"More":[171],"importantly,":[172],"introduced":[174],"matched":[176],"on-chip":[177],"nonlinear":[178],"activation":[179],"function,":[180],"so":[181],"can":[186],"be":[187],"cascaded":[188],"onto":[189],"single":[191],"chip.":[192],"Overall,":[193],"method":[203],"are":[204,217],"space":[205],"efficient,":[206,208],"energy":[207],"scalable,":[209],"robust":[211],"fabrication":[213],"errors.":[214],"Therefore,":[215],"they":[216],"suitable":[218],"large-scale":[220],"ONNs.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}