{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154697871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19081618","title":"Feasibility, Mechanical Properties, and Environmental Impact of 3D-Printed Mortar Incorporating Recycled Fine Aggregates from Decoration and Renovation Waste","display_name":"Feasibility, Mechanical Properties, and Environmental Impact of 3D-Printed Mortar Incorporating Recycled Fine Aggregates from Decoration and Renovation Waste","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154697871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19081618"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ma19081618","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19081618","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18714766","display_name":"Materials","issn_l":"1996-1944","issn":["1996-1944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19081618","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125066302","display_name":"Pu Yuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153482","display_name":"Changzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ymgwq66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153482"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pu Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Urban Construction, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Urban Construction, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133911784","display_name":"Xinjie Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153482","display_name":"Changzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ymgwq66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153482"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinjie Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Urban Construction, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Urban Construction, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133857736","display_name":"Jie Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4771-6423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161807","display_name":"Taizhou Vocational and Technical College","ror":"https://ror.org/05pt0p091","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161807"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Urban and Rural Construction, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4771-6423","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Urban and Rural Construction, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133180535","display_name":"Quanbin Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161807","display_name":"Taizhou Vocational and Technical College","ror":"https://ror.org/05pt0p091","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161807"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quanbin Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Urban and Rural Construction, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Urban and Rural Construction, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161807"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011837356","display_name":"Minqi Hua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5327-0026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minqi Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5327-0026","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5133911784"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153482"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2490},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2490},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88849584,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"8","first_page":"1618","last_page":"1618"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9660999774932861,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9660999774932861,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.017999999225139618,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10687","display_name":"Innovative concrete reinforcement materials","score":0.0044999998062849045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortar","display_name":"Mortar","score":0.7900999784469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexural-strength","display_name":"Flexural strength","score":0.7053999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/porosity","display_name":"Porosity","score":0.616599977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demolition-waste","display_name":"Demolition waste","score":0.6014000177383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demolition","display_name":"Demolition","score":0.5613999962806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressive-strength","display_name":"Compressive strength","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggregate","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","score":0.5378999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indentation-hardness","display_name":"Indentation hardness","score":0.5117999911308289}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130767629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7905205","display_name":"Mortar","level":2,"score":0.7900999784469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7495999932289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178405089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857201","display_name":"Flexural strength","level":2,"score":0.7053999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6648577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669","display_name":"Porosity","level":2,"score":0.616599977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778076428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15798477","display_name":"Demolition waste","level":3,"score":0.6014000177383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781469121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331483","display_name":"Demolition","level":2,"score":0.5613999962806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.5378999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165720898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3150000","display_name":"Indentation hardness","level":3,"score":0.5117999911308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.4900999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.4772000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988076202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240553","display_name":"Mechanical strength","level":2,"score":0.3750999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164749845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320389","display_name":"Environmental impact assessment","level":2,"score":0.35040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523993062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cement","level":2,"score":0.3253999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3181999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.31610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778706760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581950","display_name":"Life-cycle assessment","level":3,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102267420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120206","display_name":"Izod impact strength test","level":3,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75779659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18538","display_name":"Municipal solid waste","level":2,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780028911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206615","display_name":"Building material","level":2,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ma19081618","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19081618","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18714766","display_name":"Materials","issn_l":"1996-1944","issn":["1996-1944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ma19081618","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19081618","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18714766","display_name":"Materials","issn_l":"1996-1944","issn":["1996-1944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975165631","https://openalex.org/W2015504316","https://openalex.org/W2028132472","https://openalex.org/W2138664833","https://openalex.org/W2509138468","https://openalex.org/W2796304963","https://openalex.org/W2948207203","https://openalex.org/W2951890395","https://openalex.org/W2965537287","https://openalex.org/W3003620828","https://openalex.org/W3011924048","https://openalex.org/W3012533326","https://openalex.org/W3014279432","https://openalex.org/W3020668459","https://openalex.org/W3028902047","https://openalex.org/W3037300843","https://openalex.org/W3081050669","https://openalex.org/W3109163190","https://openalex.org/W3146723395","https://openalex.org/W3161495476","https://openalex.org/W3164178248","https://openalex.org/W3177398462","https://openalex.org/W3200076984","https://openalex.org/W3205177052","https://openalex.org/W3207577292","https://openalex.org/W4206327855","https://openalex.org/W4210685680","https://openalex.org/W4220702314","https://openalex.org/W4220806109","https://openalex.org/W4224060598","https://openalex.org/W4225006194","https://openalex.org/W4280534034","https://openalex.org/W4282561598","https://openalex.org/W4293392822","https://openalex.org/W4296246752","https://openalex.org/W4302362356","https://openalex.org/W4315865197","https://openalex.org/W4319449821","https://openalex.org/W4321602048","https://openalex.org/W4364381152","https://openalex.org/W4366245442","https://openalex.org/W4385892631","https://openalex.org/W4386295500","https://openalex.org/W4387647185","https://openalex.org/W4389281976","https://openalex.org/W4390502135","https://openalex.org/W4391130782","https://openalex.org/W4392877752","https://openalex.org/W4394834643","https://openalex.org/W4396721116","https://openalex.org/W4399007016","https://openalex.org/W4399780632","https://openalex.org/W4401942130","https://openalex.org/W4403093139","https://openalex.org/W4403119663","https://openalex.org/W4403574380","https://openalex.org/W4403929316","https://openalex.org/W4404728176","https://openalex.org/W4406349364","https://openalex.org/W4407776134","https://openalex.org/W4408253231","https://openalex.org/W4408471470","https://openalex.org/W4409351680","https://openalex.org/W4410314518","https://openalex.org/W4410440951","https://openalex.org/W4411049010","https://openalex.org/W4411134679","https://openalex.org/W4412544314","https://openalex.org/W4413422289","https://openalex.org/W4414161194","https://openalex.org/W7083319486","https://openalex.org/W7118071997"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"address":[1],"the":[2,39,57,66,92,96,103,107,125,136,145,157,185,205],"accumulation":[3],"of":[4,33,42,56,95,106,159,167,208],"construction":[5],"and":[6,18,38,50,77,117,124,178,197],"demolition":[7],"waste":[8],"(W&amp;D),":[9],"this":[10],"study":[11],"recycled":[12],"it":[13],"into":[14],"regenerated":[15],"fine":[16],"aggregate":[17],"prepared":[19],"3D-printed":[20,67,108],"mortars":[21],"with":[22,83],"replacement":[23,85,93,138,188],"ratios":[24],"ranging":[25],"from":[26,99,112,130,141,149],"0%":[27,100,142],"to":[28,101,114,132,143,151,163,221],"100%.":[29],"The":[30,53,61],"mechanical":[31,43,172],"properties":[32],"hardened":[34],"specimens":[35,109],"were":[36,45,59],"tested,":[37],"degradation":[40],"mechanisms":[41],"performance":[44],"investigated":[46],"through":[47],"SEM,":[48],"MIP,":[49],"microhardness":[51,118],"analysis.":[52],"carbon":[54,223],"emissions":[55,224],"materials":[58],"evaluated.":[60],"results":[62,88],"indicated":[63],"that":[64,90],"while":[65],"mortar":[68],"exhibited":[69],"excellent":[70],"buildability,":[71],"its":[72],"compressive":[73],"strength,":[74,76],"flexural":[75],"interlayer":[78,174],"bond":[79],"strength":[80],"gradually":[81],"decreased":[82,148],"increasing":[84],"ratio.":[86],"MIP":[87],"showed":[89],"as":[91,193],"ratio":[94,139,189],"W&amp;D":[97,137,160,187,210],"increased":[98,111,129,140],"100%,":[102,144],"total":[104,146],"porosity":[105],"significantly":[110],"14.7433%":[113],"27.5903%.":[115],"SEM":[116],"images":[119],"confirmed":[120],"severe":[121],"ITZ":[122,127],"deterioration,":[123],"average":[126],"width":[128],"31":[131],"79":[133],"\u03bcm.":[134],"As":[135],"GWP":[147],"0.4043":[150],"0.3800":[152],"kg":[153],"CO2-eq/kg":[154],"mortar.":[155],"Maximizing":[156],"utilization":[158,166],"is":[161],"key":[162],"achieving":[164],"efficient":[165],"solid":[168],"waste.":[169],"Considering":[170],"printability,":[171],"performance,":[173],"behavior,":[175],"microstructural":[176],"characteristics,":[177],"environmental":[179],"impact":[180],"in":[181,211,225],"a":[182,194,218],"comprehensive":[183],"manner,":[184],"80%":[186],"can":[190],"be":[191],"regarded":[192],"relatively":[195],"balanced":[196],"promising":[198],"selection.":[199],"This":[200],"work":[201],"not":[202],"only":[203],"suggests":[204],"technical":[206],"feasibility":[207],"recycling":[209],"3D":[212],"printing":[213],"mortar,":[214],"but":[215],"also":[216],"proposes":[217],"sustainable":[219],"pathway":[220],"reduce":[222],"construction.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T06:05:20.339008","created_date":"2026-04-18T00:00:00"}
